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This book analyzes the political economy of higher education
finance across a range of OECD countries, exploring why some
students pay extortionate tuition fees whilst for others their
education is free. What are the redistributional consequences of
these different tuition-subsidy systems? Analysing the variety of
existing systems, Garritzmann shows that across the advanced
democracies "Four Worlds of Student Finance" exist. Historically,
however, all countries' higher education systems looked very much
alike in the 1940s. The book develops a theoretical model, the
Time-Sensitive Partisan Theory, to explain why countries have
evolved from a similar historical starting point to today's very
distinct Four Worlds. The empirical analyses combine a wide variety
of qualitative and quantitative evidence, studying higher education
policies in all advanced democracies from 1945-2015.
Social investment is part of a strategy to modernize the European
welfare states by focusing on human resource development throughout
the life-course, while ensuring financial sustainability. The last
decades have seen cost containment in areas such as pensions and
health care, but also expansion in areas such as early childhood
education, higher education and active labor market policies. This
development is linked to a Social Investment (SI) approach, which
should, ideally, promote a better reconciliation of work and family
life, high levels of labor market productivity and strong economic
growth, while also mitigating social inequality. However,
institutionalization of policies that may mainly benefit the middle
class has some unintended effects, such as perpetuating new
inequalities and the creation of other Matthew effects. While
research on the rise of the social investment state as a new
paradigm of social policy-making for European welfare states has
grown significantly, there are still important gaps in the
literature. The chapters in this book address the controversies
around social investment related to inequalities, individual
preferences and the politics of social investment. This volume is
therefore organized around policies, politics and outcomes. The
contributing authors bring together expert knowledge and different
perspectives on SI from several disciplines, with original
path-breaking empirical contributions, addressing some key
questions that thus far are unanswered, related to Matthew effects,
inequalities, ambiguities of social investment and institutional
complementarities. Furthermore, it is the first volume that covers
the core policy areas of social investment: childcare, education
and labour market policies. The chapters in this book were
originally published in a special issue of the Journal of European
Public Policy.
Social investment is part of a strategy to modernize the European
welfare states by focusing on human resource development throughout
the life-course, while ensuring financial sustainability. The last
decades have seen cost containment in areas such as pensions and
health care, but also expansion in areas such as early childhood
education, higher education and active labor market policies. This
development is linked to a Social Investment (SI) approach, which
should, ideally, promote a better reconciliation of work and family
life, high levels of labor market productivity and strong economic
growth, while also mitigating social inequality. However,
institutionalization of policies that may mainly benefit the middle
class has some unintended effects, such as perpetuating new
inequalities and the creation of other Matthew effects. While
research on the rise of the social investment state as a new
paradigm of social policy-making for European welfare states has
grown significantly, there are still important gaps in the
literature. The chapters in this book address the controversies
around social investment related to inequalities, individual
preferences and the politics of social investment. This volume is
therefore organized around policies, politics and outcomes. The
contributing authors bring together expert knowledge and different
perspectives on SI from several disciplines, with original
path-breaking empirical contributions, addressing some key
questions that thus far are unanswered, related to Matthew effects,
inequalities, ambiguities of social investment and institutional
complementarities. Furthermore, it is the first volume that covers
the core policy areas of social investment: childcare, education
and labour market policies. The chapters in this book were
originally published in a special issue of the Journal of European
Public Policy.
Welfare states around the globe are changing, challenged by the
development of knowledge economies. In many countries,
policy-makers' main response has been to modernize welfare states
by focusing on future-oriented social investment policies that
focus on creating, mobilizing, and preserving human skills and
capabilities. Yet, there is massive variance in the development of
social investment strategies. The World Politics of Social
Investment: Political Dynamics of Reform is the second of two
volumes of the World Politics of Social Investment (WOPSI) project,
which systematically maps and explains different welfare reform
strategies in democratic countries around the world. This volume
traces the development of social investment reforms across the
regions of Nordic, Continental, and Southern Europe, as well as
Central and Eastern Europe, North and Latin America, and North East
Asia. The chapters in this volume study the impact of different
structural drivers for social investment (e.g., demographic,
poverty, demand for skill, or lack of an available workforce), the
salience of social investment in the public debates, and the
different political coalitions that led to or prevented the
adoption of social investment strategies. The chapters are written
by leading social policy scholars from different world regions.
They all apply a joint theoretical framework (developed in the
first of the two volumes) to explain the politics of social
investment in a range of contexts and policy fields. Jointly with
the first volume, the WOPSI project offers the first worldwide
analysis of social investment reforms around the globe.
This book analyzes the political economy of higher education
finance across a range of OECD countries, exploring why some
students pay extortionate tuition fees whilst for others their
education is free. What are the redistributional consequences of
these different tuition-subsidy systems? Analysing the variety of
existing systems, Garritzmann shows that across the advanced
democracies "Four Worlds of Student Finance" exist. Historically,
however, all countries' higher education systems looked very much
alike in the 1940s. The book develops a theoretical model, the
Time-Sensitive Partisan Theory, to explain why countries have
evolved from a similar historical starting point to today's very
distinct Four Worlds. The empirical analyses combine a wide variety
of qualitative and quantitative evidence, studying higher education
policies in all advanced democracies from 1945-2015.
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