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Few developing countries have succeeded in simultaneously providing
good jobs and access to social services for all. Large informal
sectors and segmented social policies that provide benefits to only
a small minority are among the problems that have hampered
developing countries' ability to secure the double incorporation to
the market and to social services. This book reviews Costa Rica's
experience as one of the few successful exceptions. The authors
concentrate on the essential role of the state in expanding public
employment, promoting small firms and cooperatives and creating
generous and universal social services. In explaining why the state
implemented these policies, the authors go beyond dominant
democraticcentred explanations and highlight the emergence of a new
elite of small and medium producers, and the role of international
ideas. The book also recognizes Costa Rica's struggles
to maintain the double incorporation during the recent period of
neoliberal globalization. It concludes with eight lessons.
"Emerging adulthood" (EA) describes a developmental period between
adolescence and adulthood, typically spanning ages 18-29. It's a
rough time for most people-perhaps now more than ever. Emerging
Adults in Therapy contains contributions from various psychologists
and psychiatrists (many of whom are on the younger side) with
diverse backgrounds and specialties related to EA. The book's
editors, Zachary Kahn and Juliana Martinez, are both licensed
psychologists in New York working predominantly with young adults
in private practice. Much of the focus here is on the psychological
impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the reckoning on racial
injustice that characterise this time period. Other sections
discuss theories of this age band and describe different treatment
approaches specialised for young adults. This book should appeal to
training and practising clinicians working with young people, as
well as young adults and their parents who are interested in both
the psychological challenges and therapeutic practices that can
help.
Espectros is a compilation of original scholarly studies that
presents the first volume-length exploration of the spectral in
literature, film, and photography of Latin America, Spain, and the
Latino diaspora. In recent decades, scholarship in
deconstructionist "hauntology," trauma studies, affect in image
theory, and a renewed interest in the Gothic genre, has given rise
to a Spectral Studies approach to the study of narrative. Haunting,
the spectral, and the effects of the unseen, carry a special weight
in contemporary Latin American and Spanish cultures (referred to in
the book as "Transhispanic cultures"), due to the ominous legacy of
authoritarian governments and civil wars, as well as the imposition
of the unseen yet tangible effects of global economics and
neoliberal policies. Ribas and Petersen's detailed introductory
analysis grounds haunting as a theoretical tool for literary and
cultural criticism in the Transhispanic world, with an emphasis on
the contemporary period from the end of the Cold War to the
present. The chapters in this volume explore haunting from a
diversity of perspectives, in particular engaging haunting as a
manifestation of trauma, absence, and mourning. The editors
carefully distinguish the collective, cultural dimension of
historical trauma from the individual, psychological experience of
the aftermath of a violent history, always taking into account
unresolved social justice issues. The volume also addresses the
association of the spectral photographic image with the concept of
haunting because of the photograph's ability to reveal a presence
that is traditionally absent or has been excluded from hegemonic
representations of society. The volume concludes with a series of
studies that address the unseen effects and progressive
deterioration of the social fabric as a result of a globalized
economy and neoliberal policies, from the modernization of the
nation-state to present.
Espectros is a compilation of original scholarly studies that
presents the first volume-length exploration of the spectral in
literature, film, and photography of Latin America, Spain, and the
Latino diaspora. In recent decades, scholarship in
deconstructionist "hauntology," trauma studies, affect in image
theory, and a renewed interest in the Gothic genre, has given rise
to a Spectral Studies approach to the study of narrative. Haunting,
the spectral, and the effects of the unseen, carry a special weight
in contemporary Latin American and Spanish cultures (referred to in
the book as "Transhispanic cultures"), due to the ominous legacy of
authoritarian governments and civil wars, as well as the imposition
of the unseen yet tangible effects of global economics and
neoliberal policies. Ribas and Petersen's detailed introductory
analysis grounds haunting as a theoretical tool for literary and
cultural criticism in the Transhispanic world, with an emphasis on
the contemporary period from the end of the Cold War to the
present. The chapters in this volume explore haunting from a
diversity of perspectives, in particular engaging haunting as a
manifestation of trauma, absence, and mourning. The editors
carefully distinguish the collective, cultural dimension of
historical trauma from the individual, psychological experience of
the aftermath of a violent history, always taking into account
unresolved social justice issues. The volume also addresses the
association of the spectral photographic image with the concept of
haunting because of the photograph's ability to reveal a presence
that is traditionally absent or has been excluded from hegemonic
representations of society. The volume concludes with a series of
studies that address the unseen effects and progressive
deterioration of the social fabric as a result of a globalized
economy and neoliberal policies, from the modernization of the
nation-state to present.
Universal social policies have the power to reduce inequality and
create more cohesive societies. How can countries in the South
deliver universalism? This book answers this question through a
comparative analysis of Costa Rica, Mauritius, South Korea, and
Uruguay, and a detailed historical account of Costa Rica's
successful trajectory. Against the backdrop of democracy and
progressive parties, the authors place at center stage the policy
architectures defined as the combination of instruments that
dictate the benefits available to people. The volume also explores
the role of state actors in building pro-universal architectures.
This book will interest advanced students and scholars of human
development and public and social policies, as well as policymakers
eager to promote universal policies across the South.
The early 2000s were a period of social policy expansion in Latin
America. New programs were created in healthcare, pensions, and
social assistance, and previously excluded groups were incorporated
into existing policies. What was the character of this social
policy expansion? Why did the region experience this
transformation? Drawing on a large body of research, this Element
shows that the social policy gains in the early 2000s remained
segmented, exhibiting differences in access and benefit levels,
gaps in service quality, and unevenness across policy sectors. It
argues that this segmented expansion resulted from a combination of
short and long-term characteristics of democracy, favorable
economic conditions, and policy legacies. The analysis reveals that
scholars of Latin American social policy have generated important
new concepts and theories that advance our understanding of
perennial questions of welfare state development and change.
Universal social policies have the power to reduce inequality and
create more cohesive societies. How can countries in the South
deliver universalism? This book answers this question through a
comparative analysis of Costa Rica, Mauritius, South Korea, and
Uruguay, and a detailed historical account of Costa Rica's
successful trajectory. Against the backdrop of democracy and
progressive parties, the authors place at center stage the policy
architectures defined as the combination of instruments that
dictate the benefits available to people. The volume also explores
the role of state actors in building pro-universal architectures.
This book will interest advanced students and scholars of human
development and public and social policies, as well as policymakers
eager to promote universal policies across the South.
Few countries have achieved social development, which requires
simultaneously securing market and social incorporation (good jobs
and access to social services). This book reviews Costa Rica's
experience as one of the few successful cases of double
incorporation in the periphery.
Winner, William M. LeoGrande Prize, Center for Latin American and
Latino Studies at American University, 2022 For half a century,
cultural production in Colombia has labored under the weight of
magical realism-above all, the works of Gabriel Garcia
Marquez-where ghosts told stories about the country's violent past
and warned against a similarly gruesome future. Decades later, the
story of violence in Colombia is no less horrific, but the critical
resources of magical realism are depleted. In their wake comes
"spectral realism." Juliana Martinez argues that recent Colombian
novelists, filmmakers, and artists-from Evelio Rosero and William
Vega to Beatriz Gonzalez and Erika Diettes-share a formal and
thematic concern with the spectral but shift the focus from what
the ghost is toward what the specter does. These works do not speak
of ghosts. Instead, they use the specter to destabilize reality by
challenging the authority of human vision and historical
chronology. By introducing the spectral into their work, these
artists decommodify well-worn modes of representing violence and
create a critical space from which to seek justice for the dead and
disappeared. A Colombia-based study, Haunting without Ghosts brings
powerful insight to the politics and ethics of spectral aesthetics,
relevant for a variety of sociohistorical contexts.
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