During the last decade the European Commission has progressively adopted what is called a A more economic approach A| toward competition policy. This approach, which draws on U.S. antitrust policy, puts greater emphasis on possible welfare effects of business practices and is less concerned with competitive market structures. Under this school of thought concentration cannot be said to impede effective competition to the extent that efficiency gains outweigh market distortions. In order to stimulate the debate on this basic reorientation, in January 2009 the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law at Hamburg convened economists, legal scholars, and practitioners for an exchange of views on these A new A| methodological foundations of EU competition policy and competition law. Two especially controversial elements were chosen for in-depth discussion: the prohibition of abuses of dominant positions and the review of State aid. This book reproduces fourteen papers from this conference, representing the considered views of prominent European lawyers, economists, academics, policymakers, and enforcement officials in the competition field on matters such as: A { the objectives of EU competition law; A { the current enforcement guidelines of the EU Commission regarding Article 102 TFEU A { measuring market power A { abusive low pricing strategies A { the economics of competition law enforcement A { recent developments in EU State aid law A { economic justifications for State aid A critical assessment of the Commission A|s State aid action plan by the German Monopolies Commission is appended in English. Applying law and economics theory to competition law, this book shows that the A more economic A| approach is exerting a considerable impact on various sectors of competition law. The authors clearly demonstrate the progress that can be made when lawyers and economists take notice of and respect the characteristics of each other A|s discipline. Moreover, the authors show how new insights of economic theory may be integrated into the relevant legal analysis. The book will therefore be appreciated by academics, practitioners, and officials representing both fields.

This collection should satisfy the need of practitioners for access to the private law of the European Community, as the obligation to interpret national law in conformity with EC directives often requires a comparison with Community legislation. At the same time the collection will facilitate analysis and may thereby contribute to an improvement of the texts and their understanding. The collection does not reproduce the entire private law of the Community; it includes enactments that exclusively or mainly concern private law. The collection reproduces acts which can essentially be classified under six headings: (1) the law of companies and undertakings; (2) labour law; (3) the law of obligations, which mainly comprises measures of consumer protection; (4) the law of advertising; (5) copyright law and (6) the law of industrial property. Parts (1) and (2) can be found in Volume I. The European acts are binding in many languages. This text is conceived so as to provide a synoptical reproduction of different language versions of one and the same act, and to allow for a permanent comparison. It follows that it is limited to four languages which are selected in accordance with their frequency within the Community. They include the working languages used by the Community agencies in the legislative process. The acts are reproduced as amended by later secondary legislation, but without taking into account the renumbering of the provisions of the EC Treaty by the Treaty of Amsterdam.

At the beginning of the 21st century, in Japan and most of the continental European economies, we can observe a shift from what has been labelled a "corporatist" system to more market-oriented structures. Regulatory competition caused by the globalization of markets is increasingly placing the traditional legal institutions of these jurisdictions under severe strain. This is especially true for the services markets. Of these, the markets for financial services and telecommunications services have to adapt most urgently. These adaptations are already underway to varying extents and degrees, made possible by a mixture of de-regulation and re-regulation. In this volume, scholars from Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Japan as well as practitioners from various institutions lay out the theoretical foundations and means for these developments. Through critical analysis, the various contributions show what has been reached so far in Europe and Japan and what remains to be achieved in the future.

The phenomenon of increased interconnectedness of the world's societies, generally referred to as globalization, is not only changing our everyday life, it also influences the legal framework we are living in. The challenges brought about by this process are especially great in fields of law which are by their very nature international such as private international law, the law of capital markets, international insolvency law or the law of the Internet: can, for example, established conflict-of-law rules survive in a globalized world? What options exist for regulating capital markets in the era of globalization? Are national laws on international insolvencies prepared for the increasing number of cross-border insolvency proceedings or does the UNCITRAL model law on cross-border insolvency show the way? How can national or international legislators react to the new forms of torts and copyright infringements via the World Wide Web? These are some of the questions which scholars from Japan and Germany try to answer in this volume. All essays are based on contributions to a symposium which took place in Fukuoka, Japan, on 28-29 March, 1999.

This collection aims to satisfy the need of practitioners for access to the private law of the European Community, since the obligation to interpret national law in conformity with EC directives often requires a comparison with Community legislation. At the same time the collection facilitates analysis and may contribute to an improvement of the texts and their understanding. The collection does not reproduce the entire private law of the Community; it includes enactments that exclusively or mainly concern private law. The collection reproduces acts which can essentially be classified under six headings: (1) the law of companies and undertakings; (2) labour law; (3) the law of obligations, which mainly comprises measures of consumer protection; (4) the law of advertising; (5) copyright law; and (6) the law of industrial property. Parts (5) and (6) can be found in Volume 3. The European acts are binding in many languages. This book is conceived so as to provide a synoptical reproduction of different language versions of one and the same act, and to allow for a permanent comparison. It follows that it is limited to four languages which are selected in accordance with their frequency within the Community. They include the working languages used by the Community agencies in the legislative process. The acts are reproduced as amended by later secondary legislation, but without taking into account the renumbering of the provisions of the EC Treaty by the Treaty of Amsterdam.

This collection should satisfy the need of practitioners for access to the private law of the Community, for the obligation to interpret national law in conformity with EC directives often requires a comparison with Community legislation. At the same time the collection should facilitate analysis and may thereby contribute to an improvement of the texts and their understanding. The collection does not reproduce the entire private law of the Community; it includes enactments that exclusively or mainly concern private law. The collection reproduces acts which can essentially be classified under six headings: (1) the law of companies and undertakings; (2) labour law; (3) the law of obligations, which mainly comprises measures of consumer protection; (4) the law of advertising; (5) copyright law and (6) the law of industrial property. Parts (3) and (4) can be found in Volume 2. The European acts are binding in many languages. A book which reproduces all of them would be desirable, but, for its price, impossible to sell. This book is conceived so as to provide a synoptical reproduction of different language versions of one and the same act, and to allow for a permanent comparison. It follows that it is limited to four languages which are selected in accordance with their frequency within the Community. They include the working languages used by the Community agencies in the legislative process. The acts are reproduced as amended by later secondary legislation, but without taking into account the renumbering of the provisions of the EC Treaty by the Treaty of Amsterdam.

Private Law in the International Arena contains fifty-seven original contributions authored by renowned lawyers from all over the World. It analyzes a wide variety of effects that cross-border activities have on the operation of private law, ranging from corporate and insolvency law to labor law, property law, the law of obligations, family law, European law and lex mercatoria. Civil procedure aspects, in national courts and arbitration proceedings, are also explored. This book provides a unique source of insights into the problems encountered and their possible solutions. It will be of interest to scholars and practitioners alike. All contributions have been written in honor of an eminent Private International Law scholar, Prof. Dr. Kurt Siehr of the University of Zurich.

The decentralization of competition law enforcement and the stimulation of private damages actions in the European Union go hand in hand with the increasingly international character of antitrust proceedings. As a consequence, there is an ever-growing need for clear and workable rules to coordinate cross-border actions, whether they are of a judicial or administrative nature: rules on jurisdiction, applicable law and recognition, as well as rules on sharing of evidence, the protection of business secrets, and the interplay between administrative and judicial procedures. This book offers in-depth analysis of these long neglected, yet important, topics. It is the fruit of a research project funded by the European Commission, which brought together experts in academia, practice, and policy-making from across Europe and the United States. The 16 chapters cover the relevant provisions of the Brussels I and Rome I and Rome II Regulations, the co-operation mechanisms provided for by Regulation 1/2003, and selected issues of US procedural law (such as discovery) that are highly relevant for transatlantic damages actions. Each contribution critically analyzes the existing legislative framework and formulates specific proposals that would consolidate and enhance cross-border antitrust litigation in Europe and beyond. (Series: Studies in Private International Law - Vol. 8)

The Encyclopedia of Private International Law quite simply represents the definitive reference work in the field. Bringing together 195 authors from 57 countries the Encyclopedia sheds light on the current state of Private International Law around the globe, providing unique insights into the discipline and how it is affected by globalization and increased regional integration. The role and character of Private International Law has changed tremendously over the past decades. With the steady increase of global and regional inter-connectedness the practical significance of the discipline has grown. And so has the number of legislative activities on the national, international and, most importantly, the European level. The Encyclopedia is a rich and varied resource in four volumes. The first two volumes provide comprehensive coverage of topical aspects of Private International Law in the form of 247 alphabetically arranged entries. The third volume provides insightful detail on the national Private International Law regimes of 80 different countries. The fourth volume presents invaluable, and often unique, English language translations of the national codifications and provisions of Private International Law in those countries. Key Features: 247 substantive entries 80 national reports Entries organized alphabetically for ease of navigation Fully cross-referenced Entries written by the world s foremost scholars of Private International Law National codifications in English collected together into a single volume for quick reference World class editorial team.

In 2007, the International Max Planck Research School for Maritime Affairs together with the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), both based in Hamburg, decided to establish an annual lecture series, the "Hamburg Lectures on Maritime Affairs" - giving distinguished scholars and practitioners the opportunity to present and discuss recent developments in this field. The present volume - the third in the series - collects the lectures held between 2011 and 2013 inter alia by Andrew Dickinson, Yvonne Marie Dutton, Bevan Marten, Andreas Maurer, Irini Papanicolopulu, aslav Pejovic, Juan L. Pulido, Andres Recalde Castells, Thomas J. Schoenbaum and Rudiger Wolfrum."

In 2007, the International Max Planck Research School for Maritime Affairs together with the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), both based in Hamburg, decided to establish an annual lecture series, the "Hamburg Lectures on Maritime Affairs" - giving distinguished scholars and practitioners the opportunity to present and discuss recent developments in this field. The present volume - the second in the series - collects eight of the lectures held in 2009 and 2010 by David Joseph Attard, Lucius Caflisch, Beate Czerwenka, Lars Gorton, Francesco Munari, Kyriaki Noussia, Peter Wetterstein and Wolfgang Wurmnest.

In 2007, the International Max Planck Research School for Maritime Affairs and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), both based in Hamburg, decided to establish an annual lecture series, the "Hamburg Lectures on Maritime Affairs" - giving distinguished scholars and practitioners the opportunity to present and discuss recent developments in the field of maritime affairs. The present volume collects seven of the lectures held in 2007 and 2008 by Thomas A. Mensah, Krijn Haak, Sergio M. Carbone, Lorenzo Schiano di Pepe, Erik Rosaeg, Frank Smeele, Carlos Esplugues Mota and Lucius Caflisch.

The International Max Planck Research School for Maritime Affairs hosted a global conference addressing marine pollution. At this meeting, academics and practitioners came together to discuss their findings and debate recent developments from an interdisciplinary perspective. This volume reflects those discussions, examining a broad range of topics concerning the ecological, economic, political, and legal aspects of the pollution of the sea.

With the worldwide upsurge of lawsuits against classification societies, their liability towards third parties has become one of the most contentious issues in contemporary maritime law. Against this background, the authors analyze potential third-party claims and examine to what extent classification societies may limit their liability. The study highlights the development in Australian, English, French, New Zealand, U.S. and German law.

As lawyers we are normally interested in various substantive areas of law; and as comparative lawyers we are interested in finding out about the differences and similarities between national legal systems. But from time to time we should also reflect on how we think and operate, and look at basic questions of legal methodology - both for the sake of understanding better what we do as lawyers immersed in our own legal systems and as lawyers attempting to assess and comprehend how foreign legal systems work. The nine essays in this volume are devoted to the topics of law-making today (with a focus on Japan, Turkey and Russia), judicial decision-making today (with a focus on England and Wales, Switzerland and Argentina), and legal scholarship today (with a focus on the United States, France and South Africa); and they thus revolve around the three protagonists of legal development: legislators, judges and professors.

This book endeavours to interpret the development of private international law in light of social change. Since the end of World War II the socio-economic reality of international relations has been characterised by a progressive move from closed to open societies. The dominant feature of our time is the opening of borders for individuals, goods, services, capital and data. It is reflected in the growing importance of ex ante planning - as compared with ex post adjudication - of cross-border relations between individuals and companies. What has ensued is a shift in the forces that shape international relations from states to private actors. The book focuses on various forms of private ordering for economic and societal relations, and its increasing significance, while also analysing the role of the remaining regulatory powers of the states involved. These changes stand out more distinctly by virtue of the comparative treatment of the law and the long-term perspective employed by the author. The text is a revised and updated version of the lectures given by the author during the 2012 summer courses of the Hague Academy of International Law.

Collective labour law is, for the most part, national law. It is often the result of social struggle and political compromise occurring in the national context. Unlike other fields of private law, it has not been the object of legal harmonisation, at either international or European levels. However, as national frontiers progressively open up for goods and services, collective labour law has become increasingly exposed to international and supranational law. This book contains the papers presented at an international conference held at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law in 2014. The authors look, from a comparative perspective, at current developments in the fields of collective bargaining and employee participation in several European countries and in China. They analyse the extent to which differences between the national legal systems still prevail and whether common features are about to emerge.

By their very nature, Special Economic Zones encompass various elements studied in the academic disciplines of economics, political science and law. While their objectives are determined by economics, and their structures, implications and limits by law, their implementation requires a certain combination and cooperation of political forces, something which has been the subject of political science enquiries. A conference held at Kyushu University in Fukuoka convened scholars from all these disciplines to put Special Economic Zones into perspective. The papers presented highlighted functions and structures, historical aspects, the political dimension and foreign equivalents of deregulation, the interplay of such zones, and constitutional considerations. Freedom of contract and competition law, plus the effects that these economy-boosting tools may have on labour and innovation are also dealt with.

Over the last decades, private international law has become the target of intense codification efforts. Inspired by the stimulating initiatives taken by some European countries, by the Brussels Convention and the Rome Convention, numerous countries in other regions of the world started to enact comprehensive legislation in the field. Among them are Taiwan and mainland China. Both adopted statutes on private international law in 2010. In light of the rising significance of the mutual economic and societal relations between the jurisdictions involved and of the legal innovations laid down in the new instruments, the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law convened scholars to present the conflict rules adopted in Europe, in mainland China and in Taiwan across a whole range of private law subjects. This book collects the papers of the conference and presents them to the public, together with English translations of the acts of Taiwan and mainland China.

The International Academy of Comparative Law will hold its 18th International Congress of Comparative Law in Washington DC from 25 to 31 July 2010. About 30 different sections will discuss legal topics from all areas ranging from the interpretation of complex sources of law to foreign voters, issues of corporate governance and financial leases to surrogate motherhood, internet crimes, public private partnerships, climate change and the law and the balance of intellectual property. The numerous national reports on every single subject are based on questionnaires drafted by renowned experts acting as general reporters for the subject concerned. Most of the German national reports have been consolidated in this book and are made available to the public.