The complexity of quantum chromodynamics in the non-perturbative domain forces physicist to resort to models in order to describe the phenomena of intermediate energy physics and hence this book develops three different quark models to study light and some heavy mesons: a non relativistic quark model with one-gluon-exchange potential(OGEP) and Instanton-Induced Interaction (III); a semi-relativistic quark model with OGEP and III where the confinement of the quark is modeled with the relativistic harmonic model; a relativistic model where the features of the two previous models are supplemented with the introduction of gluon confinement and thus confined one-gluon-exchange potential (COGEP). Both tensor and spin-orbit parts of the interactions are taken into account in all the three models. It begins with an introduction to the quark model of hadrons covering the SU(3) symmetry in chapter 1 and it discusses in detail the constituent quark models in chapter 2. The three models and a description on decays are developed in chapters 3 and 4. The results and conclusions are presented in chapters 5 and 6. This book predicts mass spectra and certain decays of light and some heavy mesons.

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of strong interactions. Since the exact form of confinement of quarks from QCD is not known constituent quark modes were developed incorporating the basic features of the QCD. Mesons are the very fundamental particles in hadron physics. Hence, a deep understanding of the internal structure of the mesons is of crucial importance for explaining properties concerning more complex systems. In this work, non-relativistic and relativistic constituent quark models have been developed including instantons as a short range nonperturbative gluonic effect. The total energy or the mass of the meson is obtained by calculating the energy eigen values of the Hamiltonian in the harmonic-oscillator basis.

Mathematica for Physicists and Engineers Hands-on textbook for learning how to use Mathematica to solve real-life problems in physics and engineering Mathematica for Physicists and Engineers provides the basic concepts of Mathematica for scientists and engineers, highlights Mathematica’s several built-in functions, demonstrates mathematical concepts that can be employed to solve problems in physics and engineering, and addresses problems in basic arithmetic to more advanced topics such as quantum mechanics. The text views mathematics and physics through the eye of computer programming, fulfilling the needs of students at master’s levels and researchers from a physics and engineering background and bridging the gap between the elementary books written on Mathematica and the reference books written for advanced users. Mathematica for Physicists and Engineers contains information on: Basics to Mathematica, its nomenclature and programming language, and possibilities for graphic output Vector calculus, solving real, complex and matrix equations and systems of equations, and solving quantum mechanical problems in infinite-dimensional linear vector spaces Differential and integral calculus in one and more dimensions and the powerful but elusive Dirac Delta function Fourier and Laplace transform, two integral transformations that are instrumental in many fields of physics and engineering for the solution of ordinary and partial differential equations Serving as a complete first course in Mathematica to solve problems in science and engineering, Mathematica for Physicists and Engineers is an essential learning resource for students in physics and engineering, master’s students in material sciences, geology, biological sciences theoretical chemists. Also lecturers in these and related subjects will benefit from the book.