This book constitutes revised selected papers from the International Conference on Advanced Computing, Networking and Security, ADCONS 2011, held in Surathkal, India, in December 2011. The 73 papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 289 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on distributed computing, image processing, pattern recognition, applied algorithms, wireless networking, sensor networks, network infrastructure, cryptography, Web security, and application security.

Cloud computing—accessing computing resources over the Internet—is rapidly changing the landscape of information technology. Its primary benefits compared to on-premise computing models are reduced costs and increased agility and scalability. Hence, cloud computing is receiving considerable interest among several stakeholders—businesses, the IT industry, application developers, researchers, and students. To successfully embrace this new computing model, these stakeholders need to acquire new cloud computing skills and knowledge. This book is designed to provide readers with a clear and thorough understanding of the key aspects of cloud computing.

Presented in an easy-to-understand style, Essentials of Cloud Computing begins with an introduction to basic cloud computing concepts. It then covers cloud computing architecture, deployment models, programming models, and cloud service types, such as Software as a Service (SaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). It also discusses the cloud’s networking aspects, major service providers, open source support, and security issues. The book concludes with a discussion of several advanced topics, such as mobile clouds, media clouds, and green clouds.

This book is intended for beginners as well as experienced practitioners who want to learn more about cloud computing. It includes many case studies, programming examples, and industry-based applications. Each chapter concludes with review questions that help readers check their understanding of the presented topics. Essentials of Cloud Computing will help readers understand the issues and challenges of cloud computing and will give them the tools needed to develop and deploy applications in clouds.

Table of Contents

Foreword

Preface

Computing Paradigms

Learning Objectives

Preamble

High-Performance Computing

Parallel Computing

Distributed Computing

Cluster Computing

Grid Computing

Cloud Computing

Biocomputing

Mobile Computing

Quantum Computing

Optical Computing

Nanocomputing

Network Computing

Summary

Review Points

Review Questions

Further Reading

Cloud Computing Fundamentals

Learning Objectives

Preamble

Motivation for Cloud Computing

The Need for Cloud Computing

Defining Cloud Computing

NIST Definition of Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing Is a Service

Cloud Computing Is a Platform

5-4-3 Principles of Cloud computing

Five Essential Characteristics

Four Cloud Deployment Models

Three Service Offering Models

Cloud Ecosystem

Requirements for Cloud Services

Cloud Application

Benefits and Drawbacks

Review Points

Review Questions

Reference

Further Reading

Cloud Computing Architecture and Management

Learning Objectives

Preamble

Introduction

Cloud Architecture

Layer 1 (User/Client Layer)

Layer 2 (Network Layer)

Layer 3 (Cloud Management Layer)

Layer 4 (Hardware Resource Layer)

Anatomy of the Cloud

Network Connectivity in Cloud Computing

Public Cloud Access Networking

Private Cloud Access Networking

Intracloud Networking for Public Cloud Services

Private Intracloud Networking

New Facets in Private Networks

Path for Internet Traffic

Applications on the Cloud

Managing the Cloud

Managing the Cloud Infrastructure

Managing the Cloud Application

Migrating Application to Cloud

Phases of Cloud Migration

Approaches for Cloud Migration

Summary

Review Points

Review Questions

References

Further Reading

Cloud Deployment Models

Learning Objectives

Preamble

Introduction

Private Cloud

Characteristics

Suitability

On-Premise Private Cloud

Outsourced Private Cloud

Advantages

Disadvantages

Public Cloud

Characteristics

Suitability

Issues

Advantages

Disadvantages

Community Cloud

Characteristics

Suitability

On-Premise Community Cloud

Outsourced Community Cloud

Advantages

Disadvantages

Hybrid Cloud

Characteristics

Suitability

Issues

Advantages

Disadvantages

Summary

Review Points

Review Questions

References

Cloud Service Models

Learning Objectives

Preamble

Introduction

Infrastructure as a Service

Characteristics of IaaS

Suitability of IaaS

Pros and Cons of IaaS

Summary of IaaS Providers

Platform as a Service

Characteristics of PaaS

Suitability of PaaS

Pros and Cons of PaaS

Summary of PaaS Providers

Software as a Service

Characteristics of SaaS

Suitability of SaaS

Pros and Cons of SaaS

Summary of SaaS Providers

Other Cloud Service Models

Summary

Review Points

Review Questions

Further Reading

Technological Drivers for Cloud Computing

Learning Objectives

Preamble

Introduction

SOA and Cloud

SOA and SOC

Benefits of SOA

Technologies Used by SOA

Similarities and Differences between SOA and Cloud Computing

How SOA Meets Cloud Computing

CCOA

Virtualization

Approaches in Virtualization

Hypervisor and Its Role

Types of Virtualization

Multicore Technology

Multicore Processors and VM Scalability

Multicore Technology and the Parallelism in Cloud

Case Study

Memory and Storage Technologies

Cloud Storage Requirements

Virtualization Support

Storage as a Service (STaaS)

Emerging Trends and Technologies in Cloud Storage

Networking Technologies

Network Requirements for Cloud

Virtualization Support

Usage of Virtual Networks

DCs and VPLS

SDN

MPLS

Other Emerging Networking Trends and Technologies in Cloud

Web 2.0

Characteristics of Web 2.0

Difference between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0

Applications of Web 2.0

Web 2.0 and Cloud Computing

Web 3.0

Components of Web 3.0

Characteristics of Web 3.0

Convergence of Cloud and Web 3.0

Case Studies in Cloud and Web 3.0

Software Process Models for Cloud

Types of Software Models

Agile SDLC for Cloud Computing

Agile Software Development Process

Advantages of Agile Model

How Cloud Meets Agile Process?

Programming Models

Programming Models in Cloud

Pervasive Computing

How Pervasive Computing Works?

How Pervasive Computing Helps Cloud Computing?

Operating System

Types of Operating Systems

Role of OS in Cloud Computing

Features of Cloud OS

Cloud OS Requirements

Cloud-Based OS

Application Environment

Need for Effective ADE

Application Development Methodologies

Power of Cloud Computing in Application Development

Cloud Application Development Platforms

Cloud Computing APIs

Summary

Review Points

Review Questions

References

Further Reading

Virtualization

Learning Objectives

Preamble

Introduction

Virtualization Opportunities

Processor Virtualization

Memory Virtualization

Storage Virtualization

Network Virtualization

Data Virtualization

Application Virtualization

Approaches to Virtualization

Full Virtualization

Paravirtualization

Hardware-Assisted Virtualization

Hypervisors

Types of Hypervisors

Security Issues and Recommendations

From Virtualization to Cloud Computing

IaaS

PaaS

SaaS

Summary

Review Points

Review Questions

Further Reading

Programming Models for Cloud Computing

Learning Objectives

Preamble

Introduction

Extended Programming Models for Cloud

MapReduce

CGL-MapReduce

Cloud Haskell: Functional Programming

MultiMLton: Functional Programming

Erlang: Functional Programming

SORCER: Object-Oriented Programming

Programming Models in Aneka

New Programming Models Proposed for Cloud

Orleans

BOOM and Bloom

GridBatch

Simple API for Grid Applications

Summary

Review Points

Review Questions

References

Further Reading

Software Development in Cloud

Learning Objectives

Preamble

Introduction

SaaS Is Different from Traditional Software

SaaS Benefits

Suitability of SaaS

Different Perspectives on SaaS Development

SaaS from Managed Infrastructure and Platform

SaaS from IaaS and Managed Platform

SaaS from Managed Infrastructure and PaaS

SaaS from IaaS and PaaS

New Challenges

Multitenancy

Security

Scalability

Availability

Usability

Self-Service Sign-Up

Automated Billing

Nondisruptive Updates

Service Integration

Vendor Lock-In

Cloud-Aware Software Development Using PaaS Technology

Requirements Analysis

Multitenant Architecture

Highly Scalable and Available Architecture

Database Design

SaaS Development

Monitoring and SLA Maintenance

Summary

Review Points

Review Questions

Further Reading

Networking for Cloud Computing

Learning Objectives

Preamble

Introduction

Overview of Data Center Environment

Architecture of Classical Data Centers

CEDCs

Physical Organization

Storage and Networking Infrastructure

Cooling Infrastructure

Nature of Traffic in Data Centers

Networking Issues in Data Centers

Availability

Poor Network Performance

Security

Transport Layer Issues in DCNs

TCP Impairments in DCNs

Summary: TCP Impairments and Causes

TCP Enhancements for DCNs

TCP with Fine-Grained RTO (FG-RTO)

TCP with FG-RTO + Delayed ACKs Disabled

DCTCP

ICTCP

IA-TCP

D2TCP

TCP-FITDC

TDCTCP

TCP with Guarantee Important Packets (GIP)

PVTCP

Summary: TCP Enhancements for DCNs

Summary

Review Points

Review Questions

References

Cloud Service Providers

Learning Objectives

Preamble

Introduction

EMC

EMC IT

Captiva Cloud Toolkit

Google

Cloud Platform

Cloud Storage

Google Cloud Connect

Google Cloud Print

Google App Engine

Amazon Web Services

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud

Amazon Simple Storage Service

Amazon Simple Queue Service

Microsoft

Windows Azure

Microsoft Assessment and Planning Toolkit

SharePoint

IBM

Cloud Models

IBM SmartCloud

SAP Labs

SAP HANA Cloud Platform

Virtualization Services Provided by SAP

Salesforce

Sales Cloud

Service Cloud: Knowledge as a Service

Rackspace

VMware

Manjrasoft

Aneka Platform

Summary

Review Points

Review Questions

References

Further Reading

Open Source Support for Cloud

Learning Objectives

Preamble

Introduction

Open Source in Cloud Computing: An Overview

Difference between Open Source and Closed Source

Advantages of Having an Open Source

Open Source Tools for IaaS

OpenNebula

Eucalyptus

OpenStack

Apache CloudStack

Nimbus

GoGrid Cloud

Open Source Tools for PaaS

Paasmaker

Red Hat OpenShift Origin

Xen Cloud Platform

Cloudify

Open Source Tools for SaaS

Apache VCL

Google Drive

Google Docs

Dropbox

Open Source Tools for Research

CloudSim

SimMapReduce

Cloud Analyst

GreenCloud

Distributed Computing Tools for Management of Distributed Systems

Cassandra

Hadoop

MongoDB

NGrid

Ganglia

Summary

Review Points

Review Questions

References

Further Reading

Security in Cloud Computing

Learning Objectives

Preamble

Introduction

Cloud in Information Technology

Cloud General Challenges

Security Aspects

Data Security

Virtualization Security

Network Security

Platform-Related Security

Security Issues in Cloud Service Models

Software-as-a-Service Security Issues

Platform-as-a-Service Security Issues

Infrastructure-as-a-Service Security Issues

Audit and Compliance

Disaster Recovery

Privacy and Integrity

Summary

Review Points

Review Questions

Further Reading

Advanced Concepts in Cloud Computing

Learning Objectives

Preamble

Intercloud

Cloud Management

Mobile Cloud

Media Cloud

Interoperability and Standards

Cloud Governance

Computational Intelligence in Cloud

Green Cloud

Cloud Analytics

Summary

Review Points

Review Questions

References

Further Reading

Index