Friction force microscopy is an important analytical tool in the field of tribology on the nanometer-scale. The contact area between the probing tip and the sample is reduced to some square nanometers, corresponding to the ideal of a single asperity contact. Traditional concepts, such as friction coefficients, adhesion and elasticity and stick-slip are re-examined with this novel technique. New concepts based upon classical and quantum mechanics are investigated.

The perception of the atomic-scale world has greatly changed since the discovery and development, in the early '80s, of scanning tunneling microscopy by Binnig and Rohrer. Beyond the observation of individual atoms, which is now routine, the concept of playing with atoms has become commonplace. This has led to the fashioning of tools at the atomic scale, to the deposition, the displacement and the creation of atomic structures and also to a knowledge of interactions and contacts between atoms. Nanotips ending with a single atom are sources of ultra-fine charged beams. They can be unique tools for high resolution observations, for microfabrications by micro-machining and deposition at a scale not previously attainable, with a working distance less stringent than with STM devices. These nanosources should then be the starting point for the development of high-performance miniature devices. For all the subjects mentioned above, new laws have been identified and circumscribed in the different articles. These proceedings marked the shift of emphasis from a passive attitude of analysis towards a more active role of the scientist in the creation and use of atomic configurations. (ABSTRACT) This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop which reviewed the basic principles and highlighted the progress made during the last few years on the atomic scale sources and the interactions between microprobes and samples. The motivation is to use the novel properties attached to the atomic dimensions to develop nanoscale technologies.

This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO-Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) "Manipulation of atoms under high fields and temperatures: Applications," sponsored by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, Special Programme on Nanoscale Science. This ARW took place in Summer '92, in the pleasant surroundings of the Hotel des Thermes at Charbonnieres les Bains -Lyon, France. Gathering some fifty experts from different fields, the ARW provided an opportunity to review the basic principles and to highlight the progress made during the last few years on the nanosources and the interactions between atomic-scale probes and samples. The motivation is to use the novel properties attached to the atomic dimensions to develop nanoscale technologies. The perception of the atomic-scale world has greatly changed since the discovery and development, in the early 80's, of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) by Binnig and Rohrer. Beyond the observation of individual atoms, which is now routine, the concept of playing with atoms has become commonplace. This has lead to the fashioning of tools at the atomic scale, to the deposition, the displacement and the creation of atomic structures and also to the knowledge of interactions and contacts between atoms. Nanotips ending with a single atom are sources of ultra-fine charged beams. They can be unique tools for high resolution observations, for micro fabrications by micro-machining and deposition at a scale not previously attainable, with a working distance less stringent than with STM devices."

Friction force microscopy is an important analytical tool in the field of tribology on the nanometer-scale. The contact area between the probing tip and the sample is reduced to some square nanometers, corresponding to the ideal of a single asperity contact. Traditional concepts, such as friction coefficients, adhesion and elasticity and stick-slip are re-examined with this novel technique. New concepts based upon classical and quantum mechanics are investigated.