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This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO-Advanced Research
Workshop (ARW) "Manipulation of atoms under high fields and
temperatures: Applications," sponsored by the NATO Scientific
Affairs Division, Special Programme on Nanoscale Science. This ARW
took place in Summer '92, in the pleasant surroundings of the Hotel
des Thermes at Charbonnieres les Bains -Lyon, France. Gathering
some fifty experts from different fields, the ARW provided an
opportunity to review the basic principles and to highlight the
progress made during the last few years on the nanosources and the
interactions between atomic-scale probes and samples. The
motivation is to use the novel properties attached to the atomic
dimensions to develop nanoscale technologies. The perception of the
atomic-scale world has greatly changed since the discovery and
development, in the early 80's, of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
(STM) by Binnig and Rohrer. Beyond the observation of individual
atoms, which is now routine, the concept of playing with atoms has
become commonplace. This has lead to the fashioning of tools at the
atomic scale, to the deposition, the displacement and the creation
of atomic structures and also to the knowledge of interactions and
contacts between atoms. Nanotips ending with a single atom are
sources of ultra-fine charged beams. They can be unique tools for
high resolution observations, for micro fabrications by
micro-machining and deposition at a scale not previously
attainable, with a working distance less stringent than with STM
devices."
Friction force microscopy is an important analytical tool in the
field of tribology on the nanometer-scale. The contact area between
the probing tip and the sample is reduced to some square
nanometers, corresponding to the ideal of a single asperity
contact. Traditional concepts, such as friction coefficients,
adhesion and elasticity and stick-slip are re-examined with this
novel technique. New concepts based upon classical and quantum
mechanics are investigated.
The perception of the atomic-scale world has greatly changed since
the discovery and development, in the early '80s, of scanning
tunneling microscopy by Binnig and Rohrer. Beyond the observation
of individual atoms, which is now routine, the concept of playing
with atoms has become commonplace. This has led to the fashioning
of tools at the atomic scale, to the deposition, the displacement
and the creation of atomic structures and also to a knowledge of
interactions and contacts between atoms. Nanotips ending with a
single atom are sources of ultra-fine charged beams. They can be
unique tools for high resolution observations, for
microfabrications by micro-machining and deposition at a scale not
previously attainable, with a working distance less stringent than
with STM devices. These nanosources should then be the starting
point for the development of high-performance miniature devices.
For all the subjects mentioned above, new laws have been identified
and circumscribed in the different articles. These proceedings
marked the shift of emphasis from a passive attitude of analysis
towards a more active role of the scientist in the creation and use
of atomic configurations. (ABSTRACT) This volume contains the
proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop which reviewed
the basic principles and highlighted the progress made during the
last few years on the atomic scale sources and the interactions
between microprobes and samples. The motivation is to use the novel
properties attached to the atomic dimensions to develop nanoscale
technologies.
Friction force microscopy is an important analytical tool in the
field of tribology on the nanometer-scale. The contact area between
the probing tip and the sample is reduced to some square
nanometers, corresponding to the ideal of a single asperity
contact. Traditional concepts, such as friction coefficients,
adhesion and elasticity and stick-slip are re-examined with this
novel technique. New concepts based upon classical and quantum
mechanics are investigated.
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