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Beginning with an overview and historical background of Copper Zinc
Tin Sulphide (CZTS) technology, subsequent chapters cover
properties of CZTS thin films, different preparation methods of
CZTS thin films, a comparative study of CZTS and CIGS solar cell,
computational approach, and future applications of CZTS thin film
solar modules to both ground-mount and rooftop installation. The
semiconducting compound (CZTS) is made up earth-abundant, low-cost
and non-toxic elements, which make it an ideal candidate to replace
Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and CdTe solar cells which face material
scarcity and toxicity issues. The device performance of CZTS-based
thin film solar cells has been steadily improving over the past 20
years, and they have now reached near commercial efficiency levels
(10%). These achievements prove that CZTS-based solar cells have
the potential to be used for large-scale deployment of
photovoltaics. With contributions from leading researchers from
academia and industry, many of these authors have contributed to
the improvement of its efficiency, and have rich experience in
preparing a variety of semiconducting thin films for solar cells.
In the twenty-first century, applications in medicine and
engineering must acquire greater safety and flexibility if they are
to yield better products at higher efficiency. Experts from
academia, industry, and government research laboratories who have
pioneered CME ideas and technologies describe its concept and
research approach and discuss related hardware and software,
science and technology, and medicine and engineering. This book
will be invaluable to scientists, researchers, and graduates in the
emerging field of CME.
In the twenty-first century, applications in medicine and
engineering must acquire greater safety and flexibility if they are
to yield better products at higher efficiency. To this end, complex
science and technology must be integrated in medicine and
engineering. Complex medical engineering (CME) is a new field that
merges medical science and technology, and includes biomedical
robotics and biomechatronics, complex virtual technology in
medicine, information and communication technology in medicine,
complex technology in rehabilitation, cognitive neuroscience and
technology, and complex bioinformatics. Experts from academia,
industry, and government research laboratories who have pioneered
CME ideas and technologies describe its concept and research
approach and discuss related hardware and software, science and
technology, and medicine and engineering. This book will be
invaluable to scientists, researchers, and graduates in the
emerging field of CME.
Japan is a country lacking her own energy sources and other natural
resource . Still, over the 4 decades since the end of World War II,
she has achieved considerable economic development, a fact which
highlights the success of the policies implemented by the
government and their acceptance by the well matured Japanese
society. At present, the world is confronted with serious
environmental problems, for example, the consumption of large
amounts of energy that leads to in creases in atmospheric carbon
dioxide levels anq subsequent global warming. After the oil crisis
in the 1970s, Japan strove to reduce energy consumption, and
achieved significant improvements in production efficiency in
industry and in the air conditioning of homes. Another example of
her success is in the automobile industry, where Japanese
automobiles enjoy a good reputation for fuel efficiency. Japan has
shown that environmental protection and economic development can be
accomplished simultaneously, although the problems have not been
solved completely. There are many areas that require further study.
In this book, Dr. Helmar Krupp describes how society is organized
to form a system. Then, in a unique and interesting turn, he tries
to analyze the indus trial development using Schumpeter's theory.
Subsequently, many leaders in the field of energy policy in Japan
discuss the issues involved from a variety of viewpoints."
No Japanese writer was more obsessed with desire than Tanizaki
Jun'ichiro (1886-1965). Over a career that spanned half a century,
he explored, with both joyful fascination and ruthless insight, the
dazzling varieties of sexuality, the complementary attractions of
exoticism and nostalgia, the human yearning for mastery over
others, and the tense relationship between fantasy and the exterior
world. His fiction is filled with portrayals of desire in all its
violence, irony, pathos, and comedy.
In one of Tanizaki's novels, a young engineer fascinated with the
West sets out to transform a Japanese bar girl into his very own
version of Mary Pickford. He succeeds to such an extent that the
girl, growing tired of his immutable Japaneseness, begins to take
foreign lovers. Cuckolded and humiliated though his is, the
engineer is unable to leave his fantasy-come-to-life and resigns
himself to enslavement.
In another novel, a Westernized Japanese finds himself gradually
drawn to the past. Specifically, he is attracted to his
father-in-law's companion, a young woman who has been trained and
costumed to play the part of an old-fashioned mistress. Though this
woman is no more a flesh-and-blood embodiment of tradition than a
bunraku doll, the protagonist contemplates a life with someone like
her, a life defined by the pursuit of abstract, dehumanized
cultural ideals.
Visions of Desire locates such novels in the shifting discourse on
cultural identity and cultural aspiration that permeates Japanese
life. Ito argues that Tanizaki's novels do not merely end in the
reification and contemplation of cultural ideals but rather
problematize the desire behind such ideals. He finds in the
writer's fiction a subtle understanding of cultural aspiration as a
process riddled with subversions, influenced by patterns of
mediation, and circumscribed by the lonely efforts of individual
subjectivity. He discovers in Tanizaki's fables about the male
effort to transform women into cultural icons a clear awareness of
the sexual and class hierarchies that make such transformation
possible.
Visions of Desire is the first book in English on a writer who is
possibly modern Japan's greatest novelist. Ito has written for both
the specialist and the general reader, setting his argument in a
discussion both of Tanizaki's times and of the life of a writer who
believed in living out the fantasies that fueled his fictions.
At the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the
twentieth, Japanese fiction pulsed with an urge to render good and
evil in ways that evoked dramatic emotions. An Age of Melodrama
examines four enormously popular novels from this period by
interweaving two threads of argument. Using approaches to melodrama
developed in Western literary and film criticism, it first shows
how these texts used their binary morality to construct a semblance
of moral certainty in a moment of social transformation. It then
examines how the novels responded to a particular set of ideologies
of the family, which the Japanese state attempted to use as an
instrument of social control. The melodramatic novels of the Meiji
period generated a plethora of alternative family models that
explored the myriad ways in which human beings could connect in a
modernizing culture. The fictional families in these works revealed
the ties of the family to the nation, delineated traumatic changes
in social hierarchy, and showed the effects of new discourses of
gender. These powerful portrayals and the social discourses that
surround them reveal that melodrama was a central mode of
sensibility in Meiji culture.
Professor Ito is one of the most distinguished probability
theorists in the world, and in this modern, concise introduction to
the subject he explains basic probabilistic concepts rigorously and
yet gives at the same time an intuitive understanding of random
phenomena. In the first chapter he considers finite situations, but
from an advanced standpoint that enables the transition to greater
generality to be achieved more easily. Chapter 2 deals with
probability measures and includes a discussion of the fundamental
concepts of probability theory. These concepts are formulated
abstractly but without sacrificing intuition. The last chapter is
devoted to infinite sums of independent real random variables. Each
chapter is divided into sections that end with a set of problems
with hints for solution. This textbook will be particularly
valuable to students of mathematics taking courses in probability
theory who need a modern introduction to the subject that yet does
not allow overemphasis on abstractness to cloud the issues
involved.
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