In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the use of polarization effects for radar and electromagnetic imaging problems (References 1, 2, and 3). The problem of electro magnetic imaging can be divided into the following areas: (1) Propagation of the Stokes' vector from the transmitter to the target region through various atmospheric conditions (rain, dust, fog, clouds, turbulence, etc.). (2) Scattering of the Stokes' vector from the object. (3) Scattering of the Stokes' vector from the rough surface, terrain, and the volume scattering. (4) Propagation of the Stokes' vector from the target region to the receiver. (5) The characteristics of the receiver relating the Stokes' vector to the output. The propagation characteristics of the Stokes' vector through various media can be described by the equation of transfer. Even though the scalar equation of transfer has been studied extensively in the past, the vector equation of transfer has not received as much attention. In recent years, however, a need for further study of the vector radiative transfer theory has become increasingly evident and several important studies have been reported. This paper presents a general formulation of the vector theory of radiative transfer under general anisotropic scattering conditions. Some useful solutions are also presented 4 8 for several practical situations. - 2. GENERAL FORMULATION OF VECTOR RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY Let us consider the plane-parallel problem Shovlll in Figure 1.

Anthropologist David Jordan and Daniel Overmyer, a historian of religions, present a joint analysis of the most important group of sectarian religious societies in contemporary Taiwan: those that engage in automatic writing seances, or worship by means of the phoenix" writing implement.

Originally published in 1986.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Improving the integrity of the food chain, making certain that food is traceable, safe to eat, high quality and genuine requires new diagnostic tools, the implementation of novel information systems and input from all food chain participants. Food chain integrity reviews key research in this fast-moving area and how it can be applied to improve the provision of food to the consumer.
Chapters in part one review developments in food traceability, such as food biotracing, and methods to prevent food bioterrorism. Following this, part two focuses on developments in food safety and quality management. Topics covered include advances in understanding of pathogen behaviour, control of foodborne viruses, hazard ranking and the role of animal feed in food safety. Chapters in part three explore essential aspects of food authenticity, from the traceability of genetically modified organisms in supply chains to new methods to demonstrate food origin. Finally, part four focuses on consumer views on food chain integrity and future trends.
With its distinguished editors and expert team of contributors, Food chain integrity is a key reference for all those tasked with predicting and implementing actions to prevent breaches in the integrity of food production.
Reviews key research in this fast-moving area and how it can be applied to improve the provision of food to the consumerExamines developments in food traceability, such as food biotracing, and methods to prevent food bioterrorismFocuses on developments in food safety and quality management featuring advances in understanding pathogen behaviour and control of foodborne viruses"

Anthropologist David Jordan and Daniel Overmyer, a historian of religions, present a joint analysis of the most important group of sectarian religious societies in contemporary Taiwan: those that engage in automatic writing seances, or worship by means of the phoenix" writing implement. Originally published in 1986. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Das Fach Radiologie, heute ein grosses Fachgebiet der Anwen dung ionisierender Strahlen in der Medizin, ist aus muhsamen Anfangen einer Abgrenzung gegenuber anderen Fachspezialitaten der Medizin entstanden. Kaum wohl etabliert - noch immer in Abgrenzungsschwierigkeiten der zu erbringenden Leistunge- machten sich, bedingt durch die rasanten technischen Entwick lungen, Spaltungstendenzen bemerkbar. In der Erkenntnis, dass das Gesamtgebiet der Radiologie in der taglichen Ausubung nicht mehr von einem uberschaubar ist, wurde in Hannover schon von Anfang an eine Teilung in Rontgendiagnostik, Strahlentherapie und Nuklearmedizin vorgenommen. Damit war erreicht, dass die Radiologie als Ganzes, ohne die bekannten, sich hemmend aus wirkenden Abgrenzungs- und Profilierungsschwierigkeiten, sich gut entwickeln konnte. So sehen wir auch nach dem weiteren Hinzukommen von Abteilungen fur Neuroradiologie, Strahlenmesstechnik und Strah lenschutz und der Einrichtung von strahlenbiologischen Arbeits gruppen keinerlei Schwierigkeiten in der Ausbildung, das Gebiet der Radiologie als Ganzes darzustellen und zu vertreten. Das vorliegende Kurzlehrbuch ist ein Ergebnis dieser Bemu hungen. Es wurde versucht, aus dem grossen Stoffgebiet ein Grund gerust des Wissens fur den Studenten und fur den nicht speziell radiologisch ausgebildeten Mediziner in einer Gesamtschau zu bringen. Wir haben uns bemuht, die Lernziele fur den ersten, zweiten und dritten klinischen Studienabschnitt, die durch die Gegenstandskataloge fur die Facher der arztlichen Prufung gege ben sind, darzustellen."

Homeland defense is a basic function of our government, and has been since the colonial era. Over 100 years before our Constitution established as a fundamental responsibility of government to "provide for the common defense," American colonial leaders recognized the need for a homeland defense capability and established colonial militias to fight both internal and external threats. As the U.S. grew in economic and political power, our homeland defense needs changed, as well. By the 20th century, homeland defense encompassed not only defense of U.S. territory and population, but overseas possessions, access to critical lines of communication, natural resources, and trade. The Cold War again qualitatively and quantitatively changed the concept of homeland defense.

My goal was to study current definitions of terrorism and US counterterrorism policy, identify possible shortcomings, and propose solutions. I discovered basic problems, not only with adequately defining terrorism, but with US government response to one particular form of terrorism--state-sponsored international terrorism. These problems stem from lack of a coordinated, clear definition of state-sponsored international terrorism between US agencies, and failure to attack the appropriate center of gravity of state-sponsored terrorist organizations. I propose a new definition of state-sponsored international terrorism which is more specific and lends itself to clearer policy development; furthermore, our counterterrorism policy should place more emphasis on targeting the sponsoring state, rather than peripheral elements of state-sponsored terrorist groups.

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

Regular maintenance of water utility equipment and facilities is absolutely critical to the utility's mission of delivering safe drinking water nonstop, year in and year out. This book will show water utilities of all sizes how to develop and operate an efficient, cost-effective maintenance management program. The book systematically covers all aspects of utility maintenance, including maintenance department roles and organization; internal and external personnel; planning a maintenance management system (MMS); program monitoring and record keeping; parts and material inventory management; estimating costs and preparing budgets; and structuring a training program. New in this revised and updated edition is coverage of: GPS technologies for maintenance; asset management systems; integrating maintenance data with utility financial and inventory systems; and internet-based training to keep personnel up-to-date with the latest techniques.

The U.S. faces a host of new threats to our vital interests, including proliferation of cruise missiles, weapons of mass destruction, ballistic missile technology, questions about Russia's control of strategic nuclear forces, and an increasing tendency for terrorists to conduct mass casualty attacks. These new threats require a comprehensive, deterrence-oriented homeland defense program. Lessons learned from a study of U.S. homeland defense history will provide a basis for recommending improvements to homeland defense policy and strategy. Homeland defense is a basic function of our government, and has been since the colonial era. Over 100 years before our Constitution established as a fundamental responsibility of government to "provide for the common defense, " American colonial leaders recognized the need for a homeland defense capability and established colonial militias to fight both internal and external threats. As the U.S. grew in economic and political power, our homeland defense needs changed, as well. By the 20th century, homeland defense encompassed not only defense of U.S. territory and population, but overseas possessions, access to critical lines of communication, natural resources, and trade. The Cold War again qualitatively and quantitatively changed the concept of homeland defense. The U.S. had to defend itself against the Soviet Union's global hegemonic ambitions and growing nuclear arsenal, so homeland defense required much broader measures than ever before. This paper discusses the development of U.S. homeland defense from the colonial era to the present and analyzes homeland defense policy failures and successes. Analysis shows common problems with homeland defensepolicy: failure to develop an overarching, viable homeland defense strategy, failure to provide appropriate military resources to meet strategic requirements, and failure to understand and prepare for emerging threats. Analysis is used as a basis for suggesting improvements to ho

"The 'standards movement' offers great promise for strengthening American education; however, its success will depend upon how the standards affect classroom practice. Standards in the Classroom provides an excellent set of strategies to assist teachers in this critical task. Audet and Jordan have written a clear guide for making standards work in science and math education."
Larry Wakeford, Clinical Professor of Biology/Science Education
Brown University

"Studying Audet and Jordan's book before I developed my biology and chemistry curricula allowed a more thorough understanding of state adopted standards and how I can help all students meet them."
Dale Rudolph, High School Biology and Chemistry Teacher
Clarksville High School, TN 

"In my work with teachers and teaching fellows, I have found no better method for enhancing understanding of the importance of standards and their implementation into content lessons than this book."
Vicki Metzgar, Coordinator, NSF Grade K-12 Teaching Fellows
Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Discover how to effectively integrate standards-based reform into the curriculum!

Standards have been executed at the national, state, district, and school levels. Teachers, however, have not received the support needed to effectively implement them into their classrooms. Now, professional educators and authors Richard H. Audet and Linda K. Jordan have designed a much-needed, unique guide that gives educators the tools for understanding today?s standards and aligning them with their curriculum and instruction. While primarily targeting math and science, this book allows teachers to adapt its contents to any subject while proceeding at their own timetable and pace. Clearly written, practical, and easy to use, the book provides the missing link in standards-based reform. Comprehensive in its coverage of topics related to standards, the book is a valuable resource for both preservice and practicing teachers.

A full range of issues and topics are presented in this guide, including:

• Understanding the principles of teacher change, and teaching and learning in a constructivist environment
• Using national standards resources to better understand state and local standards
• Developing performance assessments linked to standards and using them to direct the selection of curriculum materials
• Mapping a curriculum by using principles in the guide
• Understanding the standards-based reform movement

 Standards in the Classroom is organized around a five-stage learning cycle that models good teaching instruction. It applies an interactive approach that incorporates follow-up reflections, questionnaires, surveys, inventories, and rubrics to help users monitor their progress towards mastery of key concepts and applications. This guide is an absolute must for teachers, administrators, and professors to provide the support needed to effectively implement standards in the classroom.

Foreword by Joseph Exline This edited work looks at how the concept of inquiry-based learning can be applied to all subject areas. Inquiry learning is similar to many other popular forms of curriculum and instruction, including student-centered and activity-based. Covering history/social studies, geography, mathematics, English/language arts, and special education, this practitioner-friendly book includes tools, strategies,sample lesson plans and assessment strategies. In addition, the chapters are aligned with the content standards in each subject area.