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Physics of New Materials After the discoveries and applications of
superconductors, new ceramics, amorphous and nano-materials, shape
memory and other intelligent materials, physics became more and
more important, comparable with chemistry, in the research and
development of advanced materials. In this book, several important
fields of physics-oriented new-materials research and physical
means of analyses are selected and their fundamental principles and
methods are described in a simple and understandable way. It is
suitable as a textbook for university materials science courses.
The structural phase transition is one of the most fundamental
problems in solid state physics. Layered transition-metal
dichalcogenides provide us with a most exciting area for the study
of structural phase transitions that are associated with the charge
density wave (CDW). A large variety of structural phase
transitions, such as commensurate and incommensurate transitions,
and the physical proper ties related to the formation of a CDW,
have been an object of intense study made for many years by methods
employing modem microscopic techniques. Rather recently, efforts
have been devoted to the theoretical understanding of these
experimental results. Thus, McMillan, for example, has developed an
elegant phenomenological theory on the basis of the Landau free
energy expansion. An extension of McMillan's theory has provided a
successful understanding of the successive phase transitions
observed in the IT- and 2H-compounds. In addition, a microscopic
theory of lattice instability, lattice dynamics, and lattice
distortion in the CDW state of the transition-metal dichalcogenides
has been developed based on their electronic structures. As a
result, the driving force of the CDW formation in the IT- and
2H-compounds has become clear. Furthermore, the effect of lattice
fluctuations on the CDW transition and on the anomalous behavior of
various physical properties has been made clear microscopically."
The structural phase transition is one of the most fundamental
problems in solid state physics. Layered transition-metal
dichalcogenides provide us with a most exciting area for the study
of structural phase transitions that are associated with the charge
density wave (CDW). A large variety of structural phase
transitions, such as commensurate and incommensurate transitions,
and the physical proper ties related to the formation of a CDW,
have been an object of intense study made for many years by methods
employing modem microscopic techniques. Rather recently, efforts
have been devoted to the theoretical understanding of these
experimental results. Thus, McMillan, for example, has developed an
elegant phenomenological theory on the basis of the Landau free
energy expansion. An extension of McMillan's theory has provided a
successful understanding of the successive phase transitions
observed in the IT- and 2H-compounds. In addition, a microscopic
theory of lattice instability, lattice dynamics, and lattice
distortion in the CDW state of the transition-metal dichalcogenides
has been developed based on their electronic structures. As a
result, the driving force of the CDW formation in the IT- and
2H-compounds has become clear. Furthermore, the effect of lattice
fluctuations on the CDW transition and on the anomalous behavior of
various physical properties has been made clear microscopically."
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