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flour, potato starch, cracking catalyst, sand, and gravel, one will
probably agree that the first four materials definitely are powders
and the last one certainly is not. Whether one would call sand a
powder probably depends on the partiele size and on personal Vlews.
When the astronaut Neil Armstrong returned to the Earth from his
trip on the surface of the Moon, he stated: 'The surface is fine
and powdery. I can kick it up loosely with my toe. It does adhere
in fine layers like powdered charcoal to the sole and inside of my
boots. I only go in a small fraction of an inch, but I can see the
footprints of my boots and the treads in the fine sandy partieles.
' These words elearly show that the behaviour of powders de pends
on the circumstances. In wh at respects are those on the Moon
different from those on the Earth? (1) The gravitational force on
the surface of the Moon is only one-sixth of that on the Earth. (2)
There is no gas on the Moon. The latter aspect means that any water
brought there would evaporate and disappear immediately, hence
powders on the Moon will always be perfect1y dry so that cohesion
between the separate partieles due to liquid bridges will be zero.
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