In a nation-building operation, outside states invest much of their resources in establishing and maintaining the host country's police, internal security forces, and justice system. This book examines post-Cold War reconstruction efforts, such as those in Iraq and Afghanistan, and assesses the success of U.S. and allied efforts in reconstructing internal security institutions.

Arizona and California have passed ballot initiatives that were expected to divert minor, nonviolent drug offenders from incarceration to treatment? But what are the characteristics of imprisoned low-level drug offenders? Did the quantity or type of drug involved influence the prosecution pattern, and were there differences across racial groups in the prosecution of low-level drug offenders? This study is intended to fill those knowledge gaps.