This book provides a comprehensive, contextualized approach to curriculum creation, design, development, and evaluation for Intensive English Programs. The book starts by guiding the reader through the important but often overlooked steps of contextualizing their current or future language curriculum to give decision makers the full picture of what their curriculum is intended to accomplish. Subsequent chapters break down the popular ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) model of curricular design into meaningful units focused on learner and context analysis, learning outcomes, assessments, materials, and implementation and evaluation processes. Accessible and engaging chapters include a variety of prompts, activities, and summaries to support learning and implementation. With instruction on how to build a language curriculum from scratch and insights for changing or improving an existing curriculum, this book is a key resource for instructors and program administrators in language programs as well as essential reading in TESOL methods and language curriculum design courses.

India’s ageing population is growing rapidly; over 60s constitute 7 per cent of the total population and this is projected to triple in the next four decades. Drawing on a wide range of studies, this book examines living arrangements across India and their impact on the care and wellbeing of older people. Addressing access to welfare initiatives and changing cultural norms including co-residence, family care and migration, it reveals the diversity of living arrangements, cultural customs and the welfare issues facing older adults in India. This book offers a crucial examination for practitioners, researchers and policymakers seeking to understand and develop the infrastructure required to meet the needs of older people in India.

This book provides a comprehensive, contextualized approach to curriculum creation, design, development, and evaluation for Intensive English Programs. The book starts by guiding the reader through the important but often overlooked steps of contextualizing their current or future language curriculum to give decision makers the full picture of what their curriculum is intended to accomplish. Subsequent chapters break down the popular ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) model of curricular design into meaningful units focused on learner and context analysis, learning outcomes, assessments, materials, and implementation and evaluation processes. Accessible and engaging chapters include a variety of prompts, activities, and summaries to support learning and implementation. With instruction on how to build a language curriculum from scratch and insights for changing or improving an existing curriculum, this book is a key resource for instructors and program administrators in language programs as well as essential reading in TESOL methods and language curriculum design courses.

India's ageing population is growing rapidly; over 60s constitute 7 per cent of the total population and this is projected to triple in the next four decades. Drawing on a wide range of studies, this book examines living arrangements across India and their impact on the care and wellbeing of older people. Addressing access to welfare initiatives and changing cultural norms including co-residence, family care and migration, it reveals the diversity of living arrangements, cultural customs and the welfare issues facing older adults in India. This book offers a crucial examination for practitioners, researchers and policymakers seeking to understand and develop the infrastructure required to meet the needs of older people in India.

Highlights "the range and richness of scholarship on medieval warfare, military institutions, and cultures of conflict that characterize the field". History 95 (2010) The latest collection of the most up-to-date research on matters of medieval military history contains a remarkable geographical range, extending from Spain and Britain to the southern steppe lands, by way of Scandinavia, Byzantium, and the Crusader States. At one end of the timescale is a study of population in the later Roman Empire and at the other the Hundred Years War, touching on every century in between. Topics include the hardware of war, the social origins of soldiers, considerations of individual battles, and words for weapons in Old Norse literature. Contributors: Bernard S. Bachrach, Gary Baker, Michael Ehrlich, Nicholas A. Gribit, Nicolaos S. Kanellopoulos,Mollie M. Madden, Kenneth J. McMullen, Craig M. Nakashian, Mamuka Tsurtsumia, Andrew L.J. Villalon

This book is the stand-alone final volume of a comprehensive series covering the basic and applied science relating to nitrogen fixation. It addresses the most important nitrogen-fixing symbiosis of all that between legumes and their root-nodule bacteria and therefore deals with the properties and behaviour of both macro- and micro-symbiont. The coverage is comprehensive, beginning with the extent of the symbiosis and how it may have arisen in the geological past. It considers how legumes select the root-nodule bacteria they allow to form nodules on their roots and the intricate series of signals to be exchanged between legume and bacteria for infection to occur. The immense progress in understanding the genetic systems in the bacteria necessary for nodulation is now being replicated in a rapidly increasing understanding of the required systems in the legumes. The cell biology of the processes of both infection and nodule development is analysed and leads to a parallel assessment of the biochemical processes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism required for successful nitroogen fixation by the symbiotic bacteroid. Attention is given to the ways in which the nodule has solved the conundrum of providing enough O2 for energy generation to drive nitrogen fixation without either inactivating the O2-sensitive nitrogenase or creating damaging reactive oxygen species. The volume also covers the basic physiology of the variety of root-nodule bacteria infecting legumes, as well as looking at the renewed controversy about the chemical form(s) of nitrogen exported to the legume. Successful exploitation of the legume symbiosis in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry demands an understanding of the ecology of the root-nodule bacteria particularly what makes for a successful inoculant strain for legume introduction to agricultural systems. Then, there is a requirement for inoculation technology to both successfully deliver viable bacteria to the root surface and facilitate nodulation. These practical aspects are thoroughly covered in the volume, with a final chapter assessing how the massive amount of recent information can be exploited in matching host and microsymbiont for the wide variety of environments in which they are needed in our production systems."

Nodules produced on legume roots by root-nodule bacteria provide the major nitrogenous input into natural and agricultural systems worldwide. This book provides an in-depth and up-to-the-minute analysis of what is known about this symbiosis, its origins, the process of nodule formation and development, and the biochemistry and genetics of nodular nitrogen fixation. It also reviews the physiology of the root-nodule bacteria themselves, their ecology in both natural and agricultural systems, and how we can introduce new legumes along with the bacteria they require. This book is recommended for scientists working with root nodule bacteria or host legumes, agronomists, forestry scientists, and soil scientists.