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Advances in Bionanocomposites: Materials, Applications, and Life
Cycle brings together the latest research in bio-based
nanocomposites, with a strong emphasis on improved sustainability
in terms of preparation, lifecycle and end applications. The book
begins by introducing biopolymers, bionanocomposites and the latest
methods for their synthesis, processing and characterization. Other
sections focus on specific bio-based materials, including
bionanocomposites based on polylactic acid, poly(vinyl alcohol),
chitosan, starch, cellulose, and protein. A range of advanced
applications are then introduced across 3D printing, high entropy
alloys, wastewater remediation, agriculture, biomedicine, solar
cells, electrochemical sensors, and packaging. Throughout the book,
opportunities for improved sustainability are analyzed and
highlighted. The final section brings this together with in-depth
coverage of biodegradation, lifecycle, environmental impact,
circular economy, economic considerations and future opportunities
in bionanocomposites. This is a valuable resource for researchers,
advanced students, R&D professionals, and industrial scientists
from a range of disciplines.
Inorganic and organometallic polymers feature many attractive
properties that are useful for the design of diverse functional
materials. Emphasising concepts that inform polymer design,
synthesis and applications, readers of this book will gain a
complete understanding of the introduction to inorganic and
organometallic polymer science that will further their studies in
materials science, chemistry and engineering. The first chapter
lays down the core concepts that the book builds from, including
polymerisation and naming conventions. It also reveals why some
organometallic polymers are better suited than organic polymers in
certain applications. Subsequent chapters discuss the chemistry of
metals in particular the transition metals as they relate to
polymer properties, before walking the reader through in-depth
chapters on synthesis, structure, properties, characterization, and
examples of inorganic and organometallic polymers. The final
chapter presents applications of these polymers in diverse fields
ranging from biomedicine, energy to catalysis. Worked examples and
exercises are provided at the end of each chapter to assist
students in assessing their understanding of these concepts, and
journal references are included to direct students to published
literature related to inorganic and organometallic polymers. Ideal
for lecturers teaching a one semester advanced undergraduate and
graduate courses in polymer science, as well as for self-study
researchers and industrial chemists that are working with polymers,
this book provides the user with a complete and expert grounding to
the field.
Electrospinning is a technique used to produce nanofibres from a
polymer solution using an electrostatic force. The technology is
now being used to create materials for a wide variety of uses from
tissue engineering and 3D printing to packaging materials and
electronic sensors. This new book focusses on the recent
developments in their design, process parameters and
polymers-selection to enable the commercial applications of
electrospinning. The initial chapters introduce the technique and
then specific chapters focus on the different application areas
showing the various approaches for successful implementation of
this fabrication process towards commercialization from basic
research and development. The book will be suitable for graduate
students, academics and industrial entrepreneurs in materials
science, polymer science and chemical engineering as well as those
interested in the energy and health applications of the materials.
The aim of this work is to develop topical hydrogels containing
diclofenac potassium (DP) at 1 % w/v concentration using
conventional hydrophilic hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC,
50cPs) and different grades of modified hydrophobic hydroxypropyl
methyl cellulose (HPMC, 60L, 60M, 90L and 90 M grade). Small
quantity of hydrophobic HPMC is good enough to prepare gel of
satisfactory quality. Hydrophobic formulations of higher viscosity
with small quantity of polymer show higher release compared to
hydrophilic formulations of lower viscosity with higher polymer
concentration. Kinetic analysis of in vitro release profile was
done by comparing the goodness-of-fit of some empirical/
semi-empirical and statistical models. From the accuracy point of
view, direct fitting is preferred to transformed linear fit
methods. Further, it was observed that the log-logistic
distribution was the best fit for hydrophobic formulations. For
hydrophilic ones, the semi-empirical models and Weibull
distribution worked best, although log-logistic also showed a close
fit. Hydrophobic formulations with enhancers are found to have the
most promising anti-nociceptive activity.
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