The book is intended as that introduction to the ICP-OES technique. It was written not only for those persons who have some familiarity with other analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry but also for novices in the field of analytical chemistry. The book begins with some simple, yet fundamental, concepts regarding atomic spectroscopy and the analytical techniques based on this field of study. As one progresses through the book, more detail regarding the ICP-OES technique is presented including information about ICP-OES performance, instrumentation and methodology. We have also included some information about instrument maintenance and performance verification. While this kind of practical information can be vital to obtaining good analytical results, it is sometimes difficult to find. We hope that this book will provide useful information to those persons who are about to get involved with ICP-OES as well as present ICP users and those with simply a curiosity about the technique.

The book shows principles and applications of the most distributed technique used for water analysis. The central laboratory of Greater Cairo Drinking Water Company (GCWC) uses this important technique and applies the analytical methods recorded in the standard methods for water and wastewater examination. This laboratory represents nucleus and origin of many reference laboratories of water analysis in Egypt. Wael Mahmoud and his team of the researchers modified the scientific cooperation between the central laboratory of GCWC and the national research centre. Wael and his team used the chromatographic techniques in the central laboratory to make their ideas and researches in field of the water examination. They added new concepts in the technical uses of the chromatographic techniques and without scientific experience of this team, the central laboratory still do the routine and traditional analytical work without any improvement. The book confirms the concept which explains that it is impossible for the traditional technical work to progress without science.

The book is the definitive reference on one of the most exciting areas of life science research - stem cells and their use in repair and regeneration of different organs and tissues. The volume is rounded off by a set of chapters on basic stem cell biology and clinical applications and clinical experiences of stem cell therapy, considering cardiovascular disease, neurological diseases, liver disease and diabetes. These offer a sound and well-balanced view of successes to date and indications for future therapeutic routes. It presents the current state of knowledge in both basic science and clinical practice, and is an essential reference for scientists, students and clinicians. It was a great pleasure to work with our colleagues who graciously gave their time to bring this project to fruition. Although it would be impossible to delve into all the controversies and nuances of stem cell-based therapies, we believe readers will find this to be a detailed and fair representation of the current state of knowledge.

The book included study of the disturbances caused as a result of the gamma irradiation. The new researches directed to search in the nature for new natural products rich in antioxidants polyphenolic compounds. The willow leaves were selected to be under study. The book included studying protective effect of the aqueous extract of Willow leaves with all the active ingredients against the biochemical and the molecular disturbances occurred due to the exposure to gamma rays. The study followed the genetic abnormalities transmitted from the irradiated parents to the next generations and studying the antagonistic effect of willow extract against inheritance of these genetic disturbances in rats.

The current study added complete idea about different reasons related to increasing the disinfection by-products (DBPs). It also evaluated ratio of the individual by-products to the total organic halogen. The study suggested new methods to minimize some of these by-products. It also added new idea about effect of the different chlorine doses on the electrophoretic protein pattern. The most important goal of the study is suggestion of new disinfecting agent without DBPs to replace chlorine in the difficult conditions. The study covered effect of the new disinfecting agent on the electrophoretic DNA pattern and the different body functions at level of the experimental animals and compared it with effect of chlorine. Finally, the authors' group added new experimental idea to change the traditional concepts of water treatment and water analysis to be applicable in all water treatment plants.