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Provide a short description (no more than 350 characters, about 50
words) in simple, nontechnical language that aptly expresses the
book's scope and theme. This study explores policy options based on
evidence from international experience that will help Bangladesh
improve the availability and skill-mix of its health workforce.
Bangladesh is undergoing a double transition-demographic and
epidemiological. Increasing life expectancy and declining fertility
entail a demographic transition fuelling a shift in the disease
burden toward noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Yet due to absence
of a robust routine health information system in the country, it is
hard to accurately assess the disease burden and corresponding risk
factors. So, using a wide range of sources, this book looks at the
status of major NCDs in Bangladesh (and briefly in South Asia),
touches on their economic impact, analyses their common risk
factors, and assesses the health system's capacity to manage the
disease transition. In a country where total health spending is
low-$23 a head per year, two-thirds of it private-the main
constraints on the health system are a weak regulatory framework;
lack of strategic planning and coordination across sectors; lack of
alignment between the goals of health strategy documents and the
operational plans; a focus by the health system on treatment, not
prevention; and a fragmented health service delivery system,
leading to a lack of coordinated care critical for effectively
managing NCDs. This book aims to help policy makers-inside and
outside the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, and its
programme managers-to develop and implement effective and timely
responses that reduce both population-level risk factors and the
NCD burden in Bangladesh. It also outlines policy options and
strategic priorities to help stimulate policy dialogue with
stakeholders to tackle the NCD burden through strengthening health
service provision, all articulated through a 'Policy Options
Framework'. This framework is founded on the stewardship and
regulatory role led by the health sector (represented by the
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare), which supports two broad
categories-population-based and individual-based policy
interventions, which in turn support four pillars: multisectoral
and health sector interventions (population-based), and clinical
preventive and treatment services (individual-based).
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