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This book applies the tools of nanosyntax to the natural language
phenomenon of negation. Most work on negation is concerned with the
study of sentence negation, while low scope negation or constituent
negation is hardly ever systematically discussed in the literature.
The present book aims to fill that gap, by investigating scopally
different negative markers in a sample of 23 typologically diverse
languages. A four-way classification of negative markers is argued
for and it is shown how meaningful syncretism patterns arise across
those four groups of negative markers in the language sample
investigated. The syncretisms are meaningful in that they track the
natural semantic scope of negation, and provide support to the idea
that morphology is not arbitrary, but points to submorphemic
structure. Consequently, this study leads to a decomposition of the
negative morpheme into five privative features: Tense, Focus,
Classification, Quantity and Negation proper. Finally, the book
argues that sentence, constituent and lexical negation can all be
treated in the same module of the grammar, i.e. syntax.
This book applies the tools of nanosyntax to the natural language
phenomenon of negation. Most work on negation is concerned with the
study of sentence negation, while low scope negation or constituent
negation is hardly ever systematically discussed in the literature.
The present book aims to fill that gap, by investigating scopally
different negative markers in a sample of 23 typologically diverse
languages. A four-way classification of negative markers is argued
for and it is shown how meaningful syncretism patterns arise across
those four groups of negative markers in the language sample
investigated. The syncretisms are meaningful in that they track the
natural semantic scope of negation, and provide support to the idea
that morphology is not arbitrary, but points to submorphemic
structure. Consequently, this study leads to a decomposition of the
negative morpheme into five privative features: Tense, Focus,
Classification, Quantity and Negation proper. Finally, the book
argues that sentence, constituent and lexical negation can all be
treated in the same module of the grammar, i.e. syntax.
While Verb-third (V3) patterns have long been studied in
verb-second (V2) languages, a similar pattern in which an initial
adverbial constituent is resumed by a clause-internal element has
been much less studied. The latter is referred to as 'adverbial
resumption' and it also has the character of being a V3 phenomenon.
Therefore, the pattern is labelled 'adverbial V3 resumption' or
'adverbial V3.' The present volume is an up-to-date overview of the
subject featuring case studies of individual languages that display
certain patterns of V3. The authors discuss this pattern in
relation to several different languages, addressing among other
things issues of microvariation in contemporary varieties and
diachronic variation. The book covers Medieval Romance, Old
Italian, Old English, diachronic and synchronic varieties of
German, varieties of Flemish and Dutch, Icelandic, varieties of
Swedish, and Norwegian. Through analyses of adverbial resumptive V3
orders in Germanic and Romance, the contributors explore the nature
of V2: while adverbial resumption only occurs in varieties that
observe the V2 rule, in itself it leads to apparent violations of
linear V2 order, namely to V3 orders. Adverbial Resumption in Verb
Second Languages provides comparative analyses which touch upon the
nature of sentence-external versus sentence-internal adjuncts, and
the fine-grained architecture of the clausal functional hierarchy.
These papers constitute a valuable contribution to the
theoretically important topics of V2 and V3 that will be of
interest to comparative linguists, Germanic linguistics, Romance
linguists, and anyone working on formal grammar in general.
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