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Reform of the welfare sector is an important yet difficult
challenge for all countries in transition from socialist central
planning to market-oriented democracies. Here a scholar of the
economics of socialism and post-socialist transition and a health
economist take on this challenge. This 2001 book offers health
sector reform recommendations for ten countries of Eastern Europe,
drawn consistently from a set of explicit guiding principles. After
discussing sector-specific characteristics, lessons of
international experience, and the main set of initial conditions,
the authors advocate reforms based on organized public financing
for basic care, private financing for supplementary care,
pluralistic delivery of services, and managed competition.
Policymakers need to achieve a balance, both assuring social
solidarity through universal access to basic health services and
expanding individual choice and responsibility through voluntary
supplemental insurance. The authors also consider the problems that
undermine effectiveness of market-based competition in the health
sector.
The governments of China and the United States - despite profound
differences in history, culture, economic structure, and political
ideology - both engage the private sector in the pursuit of public
value. This book employs the term collaborative governance to
describe relationships where neither the public nor private party
is fully in control, arguing that such shared discretion is needed
to deliver value to citizens. This concept is exemplified across a
wide range of policy arenas, such as constructing high speed rail,
hosting the Olympics, building human capital, and managing the
healthcare system. This book will help decision-makers apply the
principles of collaborative governance to effectively serve the
public, and will enable China and the United States to learn from
each other's experiences. It will empower public decision-makers to
more wisely engage the private sector. The book's overarching
conclusion is that transparency is the key to the legitimate growth
of collaborative governance.
Demographic transition, along with the economic and geopolitical
re-emergence of Asia, are two of the largest forces shaping the
twenty-first century, but little is known about the implications
for innovation. The countries of East Asia have some of the oldest
age structures on the planet: between now and 2050, the population
that is age 65 and older will increase to more than one in four
Chinese, and to more than one in three Japanese and Koreans. Other
economies with younger populations, like India, face the challenge
of fully harnessing the "demographic dividend" from large cohorts
in the working ages. This book delves into how such demographic
changes shape the supply of innovation and the demand for specific
kinds of innovation in the Asia-Pacific. Social scientists from
Asia and the United States offer multidisciplinary perspectives
from economics, demography, political science, sociology, and
public policy; topics range from the macroeconomic effects of
population age structure, to the microeconomics of technology and
the labor force, to the broader implications for human well-being.
Contributors analyze how demography shapes productivity and the
labor supply of older workers, as well as explore the aging
population as consumers of technologies and drivers of innovations
to meet their own needs, as well as the political economy of
spatial development, agglomeration economies, urban-rural
contrasts, and differential geographies of aging.
The governments of China and the United States - despite profound
differences in history, culture, economic structure, and political
ideology - both engage the private sector in the pursuit of public
value. This book employs the term collaborative governance to
describe relationships where neither the public nor private party
is fully in control, arguing that such shared discretion is needed
to deliver value to citizens. This concept is exemplified across a
wide range of policy arenas, such as constructing high speed rail,
hosting the Olympics, building human capital, and managing the
healthcare system. This book will help decision-makers apply the
principles of collaborative governance to effectively serve the
public, and will enable China and the United States to learn from
each other's experiences. It will empower public decision-makers to
more wisely engage the private sector. The book's overarching
conclusion is that transparency is the key to the legitimate growth
of collaborative governance.
Reform of the welfare sector is an important yet difficult challenge for countries in transition from socialist central planning to market-oriented democracies. Here a scholar of the economics of socialism and post-socialist transition, and a health economist take on this challenge. They offer health sector reform recommendations for ten countries of Eastern Europe, drawn from nine guiding principles. The authors conclude that policymakers need to achieve a balance, both assuring social solidarity through universal access to basic health services and expanding individual choice and responsibility through voluntary supplemental insurance.
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