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This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study
Institute on "Pictorial Information Systems in Medicine" held
August 27-September 7, 1984 in Hotel Maritim, Braunlage/Harz,
Federal Republic of Germany. The program committee of the institute
consisted of KH Hohne (Director), G. T Herman, G. S. Lodwick, and
D. Meyer-Ebrecht. The organization was in the hands of Klaus
Assmann and Fritz Bocker In the last decade medical imaging has
undergone a rapid development New imaging modalities such as
Computer Tomography (CT), Digital Angiography (DSA) and Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI) were developed using the capabilities of
modern computers. In a modern hospital these technologies produce
already more then 25% of image data in digital form. This format
lends itself to the design of computer assisted Information systems
Integrating data acquisition, presentation, communi cation and
archiving for all modalities and users within a department or even
a hospital. Advantages such as rapid access to any archived Image,
synoptic presentation, computer assisted image analysis to name
only a few, are expected. The design of such pictorial information
systems, however, often called PACS (Picture Archiving and
Communication Systems) In the medical community is a non-trivial
task involving know-how from many disciplines such as - Medicine
(especially Radiology), - Data Base Technology, - Computer
Graphics, - Man Machine Interaction, - Hardware Technology and
others. Most of these disCiplines are represented by disjunct
scientific communities."
The visualization of human anatomy for diagnostic, therapeutic, and
educational pur poses has long been a challenge for scientists and
artists. In vivo medical imaging could not be introduced until the
discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad ROntgen in 1895. With the
early medical imaging techniques which are still in use today, the
three-dimensional reality of the human body can only be visualized
in two-dimensional projections or cross-sections. Recently,
biomedical engineering and computer science have begun to offer the
potential of producing natural three-dimensional views of the human
anatomy of living subjects. For a broad application of such
technology, many scientific and engineering problems still have to
be solved. In order to stimulate progress, the NATO Advanced
Research Workshop in Travemiinde, West Germany, from June 25 to 29
was organized. It brought together approximately 50 experts in
3D-medical imaging from allover the world. Among the list of topics
image acquisition was addressed first, since its quality decisively
influences the quality of the 3D-images. For 3D-image generation -
in distinction to 2D imaging - a decision has to be made as to
which objects contained in the data set are to be visualized.
Therefore special emphasis was laid on methods of object
definition. For the final visualization of the segmented objects a
large variety of visualization algorithms have been proposed in the
past. The meeting assessed these techniques.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th
International Conference on Visualization in Biomedical Computing,
VBC '96, held in Hamburg, Germany, in September 1996.
The 73 revised full papers presented were selected from a total of
232 submissions. The book reports the state of the art in the field
of computer based visualization in medicine and biology. The papers
are organized in sections on visualization; image processing;
segmentation; registration; brain: description of shape; brain:
characterization of pathology; brain: visualization of function;
simulation of surgery and endoscopy; image guided surgery and
endoscopy.
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