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The field of solar energy conversion has become an important
discipline with a recognized potential to significantly contribute
to the world supply of energy. It is diversified and encompasses a
wide variety of disciplines - from mechanical engineering to
physics, from biology to architecture, from ocean science to
agriculture, from chemistry to atmospheric science, to name some of
the major fields. It involves fields which have matured to the
engineering aspects, such as the conversion of solar energy into
heat or of wind into shaft work. It includes other fields in which
more basic science research is necessary to unravel the
micro-structures of nature, as, for example, for photovoltaic
conversion or for certain bioengineering tasks. Several of these
fields have elements which have been common knowledge for centuries
but sometimes forgotten at times of cheap energy supplies, while
others have barely started with first studies. Most of the fields
have seen during the last decade a substantial advance in
sophistication, in theoretical understanding, in demonstrated
feasibility, in developing hardware, in field testing, with some
moving into a phase of initial commercialization.
A number of significant changes have occurred in Advances in Solar
Energy since Volume 1 appeared in 1982. The delays in publication
of the second volume are the result of reorganization of the
American Solar Energy Society, and the negotiation of a new
publishing arrangement. Beginning with this volume, Advances is now
published jointly by the Society and Plenum Press. The Editorial
Board has been enlarged to be more representative of the different
fields of solar energy conversion. Production of Advances is being
expedited through the use of modern word processing equipment and
the 'lEX typesetting-editing program. We have gone to a
single-column format to ease the problems of presenting long
equations, and we expect that the user of the volume will find it
easy to read. The use of 'lEX will make last minute updates
possible. The external appearance of the volume matches that of
Volume 1. We expect that future volumes of this annual will be
proceeding on schedule. We invite comments from users and
correspondence from prospective authors of critical reviews. Karl
W. Boer John A. Duffie CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 The Measurement of Solar
Radiation Ronald Stewart, Daniel W. Spencer and Richard Perez 1.1
Abstract 1 1.2 Characteristics of Pyranometers
....................................... . 2 1.3 General Features of
a Pyranometer ................................... . 3 1.3.1
Instrument Sensitivity 4 1.3.2 Response with Time 4 1.3.3
Sensitivity 4 1.3.4 Responsivity
................................................. .
Advances in Solar Energy is back on schedule. Volume III contains a
number of interesting reviews of the different fields in solar
energy conversion. We appreciate the many encouraging comments
received after the second volume appeared and have incorporated
some of the suggested changes. Even though most of the reviews are
invited through our editors, we are always open to suggestion about
subjects of importance that are ready for a com prehensive and
critical review and have not been recently covered, or about
potential authors. I would like to take this opportunity to thank
Professor John A. Duffie for his invaluable help in starting the
Advances in Solar Energy series. Although he has recently taken
full responsibility as editor-in-chief for the Solar Energy
Journal, his continued assistance as a member of the Board of
Editors is greatly appreciated. The diligent work of the many
active editors is gratefully acknowledged and constitutes the basis
for a valuable review periodical with outstanding contributions.
The typesetting was done by Sandra Pruitt in the Delaware office,
using the TEX-program with laser print-out. Her organization and
patience in coordinating with the authors, and her technical skill
and diligence in preparing the submitted copy permitted the timely
and high-quality assembly of this production. We wish to commend
her for efforts well beyond the call of duty. The accommodating
help from Plenum Press and its production staff deserves our
grateful acknowledgement."
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