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The spatial dimension of international trade theory has been
neglected during most of its history. Trade barriers such as
tariffs have been deemed more important. However, in an
increasingly integrated world economy seeking to abolish tariffs,
spatial considerations have gained in stature. On the way to
fostering a spatial trade theory this book supplies a comprehensive
analysis of all the different impacts of the inclusion of space and
transport costs, covering orthodox trade theory, new trade
theories, and economic geography. Karl Steininger also expands
spatial analysis to cover spatial preferences and spatial
discounting and catalogues the result of spatial production
structure and environmental quality in a global economy. Finally,
an empirical account is given of the trade and macro-implications
of full cost pricing in transport.
Mountain regions represent about one fourth of the earth's surface
area and provide a significant share of goods and services to
humanity. In this book, the authors demonstrate how alpine
environments throughout the world are particularly vulnerable to
global environmental change. Alpine populations will often be
affected earliest and most significantly, for example through
extreme weather systems, and their scope for adaptation is
relatively limited. Drawing on the natural and social sciences,
particularly economics, this book supplies a broad picture of the
diverse issues involved. The authors show that observed changes in
natural phenomena, such as acidity and fish toxicity in high
altitude lakes, clearly support the thesis on ongoing global change
induced by humans. They then analyse the manifold socio-economic
impacts of global environmental change which are likely to be felt
in various sectors and industries including tourism, insurance and
water cycle management. It is shown that adaptation options though
limited can be improved, such as in natural hazard management.
Finally the authors evaluate the various mitigation options
available for policymakers in agriculture, energy production,
transport and land use planning. Global Environmental Change in
Alpine Regions demonstrates that although environmental change is a
global phenomenon, the impacts are distributed unevenly and vary in
severity. This book will be required reading for all students and
scholars of environmental and resource economics, public management
and policy.
The international community is increasingly confronted with global
environmental problems, which lead to distributional conflicts,
unresolved equity issues and asymmetric distribution of the costs
and benefits of environmental policy. The complexity of such
problems requires the development of an international institutional
framework, capable of coping with the long-run international
aspects of global environmental change. This book analyses some of
the difficulties in the construction of such a framework and offers
suggestions on how they might be overcome. The contributions in The
Economics of Global Environmental Change address international
trade, land-use change, biodiversity preservation, the management
of water resources and the composition of water-related conflicts,
global warming and strategic aspects of international environmental
agreements. This book provides an in-depth insight to the current
state-of-the-art for both economists and non-economists interested
in global environmental change. It will also be of great interest
to those wanting an introduction to the economic perspective of an
increasingly relevant environmental core problem, as well as to
students and researchers in political science.
This volume deals with the multifaceted and interdependent impacts
of climate change on society from the perspective of a broad set of
disciplines. The main objective of the book is to assess public and
private cost of climate change as far as quantifiable, while taking
into account the high degree of uncertainty. It offers new insights
for the economic assessment of a broad range of climate change
impact chains at a national scale. The framework presented in the
book allows consistent evaluation including mutual
interdependencies and macroeconomic feedback. This book develops a
toolbox that can be used across the many areas of climate impact
and applies it to one particular country: Austria.
This volume deals with the multifaceted and interdependent impacts
of climate change on society from the perspective of a broad set of
disciplines. The main objective of the book is to assess public and
private cost of climate change as far as quantifiable, while taking
into account the high degree of uncertainty. It offers new insights
for the economic assessment of a broad range of climate change
impact chains at a national scale. The framework presented in the
book allows consistent evaluation including mutual
interdependencies and macroeconomic feedback. This book develops a
toolbox that can be used across the many areas of climate impact
and applies it to one particular country: Austria.
Even though the interlinkage between trade and environment is
obvious and important, it has been acknowledged as such only
recently by the world community. Yet it is far from being truly
addressed, as is indicated by the negotiations up to the Uruguay
Round Final Act, signed in April 1994, as the most current example.
Mankind remains faced with the crucial need of addressing this
interlinkage -the objective to which this report is devoted. My own
growing interest in this subject and the choice to work on and
publish this report, which has been defended as my Ph.D.
dissertation at the University of Vienna, has had a long personal
history. Ultimately it was made possible by important teachers of
mine -from primary and high school up to universities -, by
colleagues and friends, but certainly also by my family -as each of
them answered my questions and communicated their own ideas. Along
the path of research it was only the specific support and
inspiration of a large number of people in various different ways
that made it possible for the report to now be in front of you in
the current form.
Die Klimakrise betrifft uns alle - Doch wie kann ein
klimafreundliches Leben für alle erreicht werden? Zahlreiche
wissenschaftliche Sachstandsberichte bestätigen schon lange den
umfassenden Handlungsbedarf, um die Klimaziele zu erreichen. Dieser
betrifft alle Lebensbereiche: von Arbeit und Pflege über Wohnen
bis zu Mobilität, Ernährung und Freizeit. Doch wie verwirklicht
man solch eine Transformation? Der Bericht unterstreicht, dass die
Möglichkeiten, klimafreundlich zu leben, wesentlich durch
Strukturen vorgegeben ist. Die vorherrschenden Appelle an das
verantwortungsbewusste individuelle Verhalten Einzelner und Aufrufe
zu nachhaltigem Konsum werden in ihren Wirkungen überschätzt.
Entsprechend ist die Kernbotschaft des Berichts, die gemeinsame
Gestaltung von Strukturen für ein klimafreundliches Leben ins
Zentrum der Klimapolitik zu stellen. Daher gibt das Buch Antworten
auf folgende Fragen:   Wie können
Rahmenbedingungen so gestaltet werden, dass ein klimafreundliches
Leben für jeden selbstverständlich oder zumindest erleichtert
wird? Welchen Beitrag können die verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen
Akteure leisten? Was bedeutet dies für Recht und Governance, die
Wirtschaft, Globalisierung und das Finanzsystem? Können Medien
einen Beitrag dazu leisten? Welche Rolle haben Ungleichheit,
soziale Sicherung und Raumplanung und welche Infrastrukturen sind
notwendig? Dieses Open Access Buch ist das Ergebnis eines
umfassenden wissenschaftlichen Erstellungsprozesses, der sich an
der Arbeitsweise des Weltklimarates IPCC orientierte: mehr als 80
Autor_innen analysierten die aktuelle wissenschaftliche Literatur
zur Gestaltung von Strukturen für ein klimafreundliches Leben.
Dazu wurden über 2000 Literaturquellen ausgewertet. Zur
Absicherung der Qualität wurden die Ergebnisse der Autor_innen von
in etwa 180 Expert_innen und circa 100 Stakeholdern in mehreren
Runden begutachtet. Der innovative Zugang und die bisher wenig
aufgegriffenen Themenfelder machen das Buch zu einem Standardwerk
für die Klimaforschung im deutschsprachigen Raum.
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