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During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Spanish authorities
restricted emigration to the Americas to those who could prove they
had been Catholic for at least three generations. In doing so, they
hoped to instill religious orthodoxy in the colonies and believed
Muslim converts, or Moriscos, would hamper efforts to convert
indigenous people to Catholicism. Nevertheless, Moriscos secretly
made the treacherous journey across the ocean, settling in the
forbidden territories and influencing the nature of Spanish
colonialism. Once landed, Morisco men and women struggled to define
and practice their religion or pursue their trades, all while
experiencing increasing anxiety about their place in the emerging
Spanish empire. Many Moriscos were accused by authorities of
descending from Muslims or practicing Islam in secret and turned to
the courts to assert their legitimacy. Forbidden Passages is the
first book to document and evaluate the impact of Moriscos in the
early modern Americas. Through close examination of sources that
few historians have used-some one hundred cases of individuals
brought before the secular, ecclesiastical, and inquisitorial
courts-Karoline P. Cook shows how legislation and attitudes toward
Moriscos in Spain assumed new forms and meanings in colonial
Spanish America. Moriscos became not simply individuals struggling
to join a community that was increasingly hostile to them but also
symbols that sparked authorities' fears about maintaining religious
purity in the face of territorial expansion. Cook reveals how
Morisco emigrants shined a light on the complicated question of
what it meant to be Spanish in the New World.
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