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Smart Agrochemicals for Sustainable Agriculture proposes products
that fulfill the need for chemicals that provide a sustainable
delivery system for nutrients necessary to maximize the production
of agricultural animals and plants while producing the smallest
possible environmental footprint. This book addresses all aspects
related to the production process, including chemical formulas,
stability of formulations, and the application of the effect of its
utilization. Over the past decade, biobased chemicals have received
significant attention as candidate resource materials in
fertilizers and agrochemicals production due to their renewability.
Substitution of conventional raw materials with biobased requires a
new approach towards the development of technology. On the other
hand, the use of biobased chemicals, such as biostimulants,
bioregulators and biofertilizers offers a new palette of products
that are natural, thus their application does not pose an impact on
the environment (residues) or cultivated plants.
This book describes the results of the research of the project
entitled Phosphorus Renewable Raw Materials: A Resource Base for
the New Generation of Fertilizers' attributed to the National
Center for Research and Development of Poland. This book is divided
into three chapters that are assigned to different stages of the
project undertaken by different R&D institutions. The concept
and possible options of valorization of waste biomass, such as
bones, fish bones, and ashes originated from the incineration of
sludge from a waste-water treatment plant from the tertiary stage
of biological treatment as resources of phosphorus were described
by the team from Wroclaw University of Science and Technology. As a
method of by-products valorization, the solubilization process was
proposed. Two strategies were proposed: Ex-situ and in-situ. The
in-situ manner resulted with suspension fertilizer with a low
concentration of P2O5 while ex-situ gave the possibility to obtain
two solid formulations with the high content of P2O5. All of them
could be used in agriculture and horticulture as granular
fertilizers or as substrates. The different content of P2O5, as
well as other nutrients in obtained formulations, were described as
an effect of utilization of different raw materials as well as
various additional substances such as binders necessary for the
stability of final formulations. What is more, the efficiency of
obtained formulations was strongly related to the kind of
microorganism used as an 'activator' of unavailable phosphorus,
which was discussed in details. The technology of production for
biofertilizers in pilot-scale was described by the Institute of New
Chemical Synthesis in Pulawy with the following issues underlined:
Design of installation to produce fertilizers based on renewable
raw materials; plant construction and production of the product;
and preliminary economic analysis. The University of Warmia and
Mazury in Olsztyn described the utilitarian properties of new
fertilizer formulations that were evaluated in field tests with
special attention to granular and suspension biofertilizer. In that
chapter, the major results of the agronomic evaluation of new
suspension and granular phosphorus biofertilizers from secondary
raw materials (sewage sludge ash, animal bones, and animal blood)
were presented. Biofertilizers contained Bacillus megaterium or
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria. New bioproducts were
tested in field experiments in reference to traditional commercial
phosphorus fertilizers (superphosphate, phosphorite, etc.). The
research confirmed that phosphorus biofertilizers from renewable
raw materials were similar to commercial fertilizers in terms of
their crop-enhancing efficiency and did not reduce yield quality
and quantity.
In this book, the biosorption process used to produce biological
components of fertilisers was examined. For this purpose, the waste
biomass obtained from the supercritical fluid extraction of oils
from multiple berries seeds was used. It was shown that
post-extraction residues of black currant, raspberrys and
strawberry seeds constitute a valuable material for agricultural
purposes. Detailed characteristics of these materials were
presented. Moreover, it was shown that berries seeds are
characterised by good biosorption properties. It was possible to
increase the content of microelements essential for plants by
applying the biosorption process. The utilitarian properties of
enriched materials were tested in field experiments.
Bioavailability of microelements from enriched post-extraction
residues of the berries seeds to plants was assessed and the
biofortification of edible parts of plants with micronutrients from
the new products was achieved.
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