The current geography of north-west Europe, from the perspective of long-term Pleistocene climate change, is temporary. The seaways that separate southern Britain from northern France comprise a flooded landscape open to occupation by hunter-gatherers for large parts of the 0.5 million years since the English Channel’s formation. While much of this record is now inaccessible to systematic archaeological investigation it is critical that we consider past human societies in the region in terms of access to, inhabitation in, and exploitation of this landscape. This latest volume of the acclaimed Prehistoric Society Research Papers provides a starting point for approaching the Middle Palaeolithic record of the English Channel region and considering the ecological opportunities and behavioural constraints this landscape offered to Neanderthal groups in north-west Europe. The volume reviews the Middle Palaeolithic archaeological record along the fringes of La Manche in northern France and southern Britain. It examines this record in light of recent advances in quaternary stratigraphy, science-based dating, and palaeoecology and explores how Palaeolithic archaeology in the region has developed in an interdisciplinary way to transform our understanding of Neanderthal behaviour. Focusing in detail on a particular sub-region of this landscape, the Normano-Breton Gulf, the volume presents the results of recent research focused on exceptionally productive coastal capture points for Neanderthal archaeology. In turn the long-term behavioural record of La Cotte de St Brelade is presented and explored, offering a key to changing Neanderthal behaviour. Aspects of movement into and through these landscapes, changing technological and raw material procurement strategies, hunting patterns and site structures, are presented as accessible behaviours that change at site and landscape scales in response to changing climate, sea level and ecology over the last 250,000 years.

Today the Upper Thames Valley is a region of green pastures and well-managed farmland, interspersed with pretty villages and intersected by a meandering river. The discovery in 1989 of a mammoth tusk in river gravels at Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire, revealed the very different ancient past of this landscape. Here, some 200,000 years ago, mammoths, straight-tusked elephants, lions, and other animals roamed across grasslands with scattered trees, occasionally disturbed by small bands of Neanderthals. The pit where the tusk was discovered, destined to become a waste disposal site, provided a rare opportunity to conduct intensive excavations that extended over a period of 10 years. This work resulted in the recording and recovery of more than 1500 vertebrate fossils and an abundance of other biological material, including insects, molluscs, and plant remains, together with 36 stone artefacts attributable to Neanderthals. The well-preserved plant remains include leaves, nuts, twigs and large oak logs. Vertebrate remains notably include the most comprehensive known assemblage of a distinctive small form of the steppe mammoth, Mammuthus trogontherii, that is characteristic of an interglacial period equated with marine isotope stage 7 (MIS 7). Richly illustrated throughout, Mammoths and Neanderthals in the Thames Valley offers a detailed account of all these finds and will be of interest to Quaternary specialists and students alike.

Under the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 a court must carry out a summary assessment of costs in any trial or hearing that lasts one day or less. Practitioners who prepare for and represent clients in such hearings can greatly improve their client's chances of reducing their liability for costs, or enhancing the level of costs they can recover, if they are well-versed in the relevant costs law and procedure. This is a practical and portable guide which contains everything practitioners and judges need to know in order to conduct a summary assessment of costs in the County Court, or the High Court or the Court of Appeal. Arranged in a logical and accessible way, which enables reference at a a glance, the book includes expert commentary and analysis on the most commonly arising issues, carefully selected appendices, and checklists aimed at the busy practitioner. The book is fully up-to-date to include the November 2005 reforms to CFA regulations. Examples of areas covered are: when summary assessments are appropriate, what order the parties should be asking for, the impact of Part 36 offers and the conduct of the parties, issues arising from the funding of the claim, and pointers on how to prepare, attack and defend a costs schedule. In addition to key statutory material and extracts from the Civil Procedure Rules 1998, the appendices include SCCO guideline rates for solicitors' and barristers' fees, and relevant solicitors' costs materials. Written and edited by leading specialists in costs law, Summary Assessment of Costs will help those preparing for and appearing at summary assessments to keep one step ahead of the opposition.