Physical anthropology is a branch of anthropology that studies the mechanisms of biological evolution, genetic inheritance, human adaptability and variation, primatology, primate morphology, and the fossil record of human evolution. This book presents and reviews data on physical anthropology, including such topics as: sex determination of human skeletal and dental remains in palaeodemographic reconstructions; age and sex differences in aggregated and disaggregated upper limb osteoarthritis, muscle marker, external metric, and cross-sectional variables of 131 prehistoric California Amerinds to determine asymmetry patterns; a review of the variation in the angle of the femoral neck-shaft angle and its relation to climatic adaptation; and others.