At the time the first edition was written, there was a need for a well -referenced text to interpret and analyze current scientific knowledge in clinical practice and to provide a clinically applicable text in the musculoskeletal area of physiotherapy that was academically rigorous. The second edition builds upon the foundation provided in the first edition and introduces new material in areas previsouly lacking in evidence. The second edition uses a similar approach to that of the first edition. That is, the evidence is examined and application to the clinical setting discussed. In the first edition, the paradigm of contemoprary physiotherapy practice was explored . In the second more detailed information is presented about the explicit and implicit assumptions which form the basis of current practice. * The section on bone and bone health will be expanded. A new section on ageing bone will be included, and also a section on prevention and management of osteoporosis * The use of questionnaires in the history will be thoroughly revised. The section will be expanded to include more of the appropriate questionnaires and their reliability and validity will be evaluated. * Outcome measures were previously mentioned in various parts of the text. The importance of outcome measures will be made more explicit and will become a whole chapter. Expanded coverage of bone and bone health will help the reader attain a more sufficient level of knowledge on the topic. New information on ageing bones and prevention and management of osteoporosis provides material necessary to real-world practice. Revised questionnaire in the history now includes more of the appropriate questions, as well as evaluations of reliability and validity. Greater emphasis on outcome measures provides the reader with a more thorough knowledge of this increasingly important topic.