The sea ice surrounding Antarctica has increased in extent and concentration from the late 1970s, when satellite-based measurements began, until 2015. Although this increasing trend is modest, it is surprising given the overall warming of the global climate and the region. Indeed, climate models, which incorporate our best understanding of the processes affecting the region, generally simulate a decrease in sea ice. Moreover, sea ice in the Arctic has exhibited pronounced declines over the same period, consistent with global climate model simulations. For these reasons, the behavior of Antarctic sea ice has presented a conundrum for global climate change science. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in January 2016, to bring together scientists with different sets of expertise and perspectives to further explore potential mechanisms driving the evolution of recent Antarctic sea ice variability and to discuss ways to advance understanding of Antarctic sea ice and its relationship to the broader ocean-climate system. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter Antarctic Sea Ice Variability in the Southern Ocean-Climate System: Proceedings of a Workshop References Appendix A: Statement of Task Appendix B: Definitions of Key Terms Appendix C: Acronyms and Abbreviations Appendix D: Workshop Agenda and Participants Appendix E: Invited Speaker Abstracts Appendix F: Biographical Sketches of Planning Committee Members

This text explores how we can reverse the empowerment of those who value aggressive competitive behaviour so that those in power have human wellbeing as the guiding principle they use for decision making. It challenges the brutalization of children currently occurring under the umbrella of socialization and misnomer of care in many cultures and highlights the existence of innumerable alternative ways of being far more amenable to human and global advancement. Addressing barbaric infiltration of ourselves, our intimate relationships and our cultures can enable quantum, transformative human change. One of the aims of the book is to encourage wider, and deeper, conversation about the nature of justice and about approaches that can transform the vast global imbalances we face. Caring alliance, effective resistance, radical thought and transformative behaviour, made on behalf of the defenceless and the voiceless, can effect global cultural change. The book concludes with easy things the average person can do to foster, and support, human dignity as the foundation for all global, national, local and individual decision making.