This book deals with teachers' behaviors that promote the creativity of students. It includes a rating scale for measuring a teacher's creativity fostering behavior - a scale known as the CFTIndex - and a series of conceptualization and research papers, including a lead article by Professor Authur Cropley, whose original ideas served as the basis of the CFTIndex. The other papers in this volume are by international authors who have used the scale in their research and who can now share their experiences using it in this volume.There is a dearth of measuring instruments that cover teacher behaviors where creativity is concerned, but the CFTIndex fills this vacuum, as evidenced by the many articles using this index in the international arena of creativity research.

Assessment, mainly in the form of tests and examinations, plays a critical role in the schooling of Singaporean students. The results are often used to make irrevocable decisions on the students' future education careers.This book is written with school leaders, teachers, and parents in mind, with the view of helping them to better understand the processes and products of assessment via tests and exams. It is written in simple terms, using minimal technical terms, and introduces school leaders, teachers, and parents to essential concepts and principles of educational measurements which are relevant in the school context in Singapore.While existing books on educational measurement are academically-oriented and meant for formal training courses, this book makes self-study simple by using practical examples couched in layman's language. In addition, this book uses concrete examples and analogies to make the text reader-friendly.

Assessment, mainly in the form of tests and examinations, plays a critical role in the schooling of Singaporean students. The results are often used to make irrevocable decisions on the students' future education careers.This book is written with school leaders, teachers, and parents in mind, with the view of helping them to better understand the processes and products of assessment via tests and exams. It is written in simple terms, using minimal technical terms, and introduces school leaders, teachers, and parents to essential concepts and principles of educational measurements which are relevant in the school context in Singapore.While existing books on educational measurement are academically-oriented and meant for formal training courses, this book makes self-study simple by using practical examples couched in layman's language. In addition, this book uses concrete examples and analogies to make the text reader-friendly.

World university ranking started one and a half decades ago for the purpose of understanding what makes an excellent institution of higher education. Subsequent to the appearance of the Academic Ranking of World Universities at the Shanghai Jiaotong University, there soon emerged the QS World University Rankings and the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. These three ranking systems are considered the classics as they are the fore-runners, although no less than ten new systems have come to the arena.The various ranking systems adopt a common approach of weight-and-sum to process the indicator data. Each system, somewhat arbitrarily, decides on a set of indicators and assigns different weights to these, presumably reflecting their relative importance. This simple (and simplistic) approach meets well common sense. And, in fact, much of the discussion on world university rankings is conducted at the commonsensical level.However, analyses conducted in the recent years uncovered several problems of the prevalent approach: spurious precision, mutual compensation, weight discrepancy, indicator redundancy, etc., which render the overall scores and ranking suspect in terms of validity. These are due to systems ignoring the fact that world university rankings are a form of social measurement and therefore need be seen from this perspective.Moreover, rankings encourage competition and, in the highly competitive world of today, it is natural that institutional attention is focused on the ranking results. By now, the original purpose of world university ranking seems to have been overshadowed, and world university rankings look more like international academic contests, as though they are annual sports meets.This monograph collects together many articles pertaining to the identified measurement and statistical issues of world university rankings and suggests remedies to make ranking results more trustworthy.

The OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is gaining increasing attention among education authorities of the world. The number of participating economies almost doubled in the past one and a half decades, increasing from 43 in 2000 when it first started to 74 in 2015. PISA assesses the performance in Reading, Mathematics, and Science of 15-year-olds with different emphases rotating among the three subjects in different exercises.The attention of the participating economies has been focused almost exclusively on the ranking results which are used to evaluate the standings and progress of their education systems, although PISA does cover many background conditions which might have influenced the performance. Interestingly, East Asian economies have been consistently in the leading positions, and Finland has been frequently cited as a model for the Western economies and even the world to emulate.This monograph contains many secondary analyses of PISA data. It presents results of comparisons of Singapore, East Asian economies, and the world. It also points up some influencing factors such as time in and after school, test-language effect, administrative styles, and school environment. Statistical and measurement issues are also raised and demonstrated. Moreover, cultural differences are evoked as a plausible explanation of the differences observed between the East and the West.This monograph, using mainly simple and layman language, equips educational administrators and policy makers with in-depth insights into some of the intricacies inherent in the PISA data for a more appropriate understanding. It is readily appreciated that such an understanding is needed to prevent misinterpretation and avoid unsound policy or wasteful action.

This book addresses the problems and issues surrounding teaching Chinese as a second language in the Singapore context. It identifies four main areas of concern: (1) Neglect of culture in the teaching of Chinese; (2) Difficulty of learning Hanzi (Chinese characters); (3) Cognitive and affective aspects of Chinese language learning; and (4) Authenticity of the Chinese language in a global and Singapore context. The book includes lesson design and instructional practices for re-prioritizing Chinese as a set of trainable skills, as well as teaching culture in the context of teaching the language. It also introduces the Chinese as a Second Language Readability Formula to help learners overcome their difficulties with learning Hanzi (Chinese characters), and the Attitude Toward Chinese Language Scale to help understand the various factors that can influence Chinese language learning. It also proposes a student-oriented model for conducting problem-based research, tapping into the disciplines of psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics. Resolving or minimizing the issues identified here requires action at the macro level by Chinese language researchers on a national scale, and at the micro level by classroom teachers through action research.

This book presents the experiences of Chinese Language researchers in Singapore to Chinese Language researchers and teachers in other countries and regions, such as the USA, the UK and Asia, that are home to a large number of learners, young and old. As such, the innovative ideas it provides can be applied in practising teachers' classrooms to promote more effective and efficient student learning. Beyond pedagogical innovations, the book also includes papers on the assessment of Chinese Language learning and teacher literacy - two areas that have been largely neglected by the Chinese Language research and teaching communities, not only here in Singapore, but also around the world. This book, the sequel to "Teaching Chinese Language in Singapore: Retrospect and Challenges" (Springer, 2016), is future-oriented, highlighting ideas that merit further attention from researchers and practitioners alike.

This collection of articles begins with an overview of the Reviews from past decades, then goes on to describe the current practices, and foretells the possible future developments. This is followed by a discussion of the use of ICT and surveys on several professional aspects of teaching, including teachers' training needs and perception of student difficulties, assessment literacy, familiarity and use of language teaching strategies, as well as perceived social status and job satisfaction. The book ends with an extensive discussion of bilingualism and code-switching as well as the teaching of Chinese culture in Singapore schools. The comprehensive coverage provides a milestone in Chinese Language teaching in the multi-lingual context of Singapore.

This collection of articles begins with an overview of the Reviews from past decades, then goes on to describe the current practices, and foretells the possible future developments. This is followed by a discussion of the use of ICT and surveys on several professional aspects of teaching, including teachers' training needs and perception of student difficulties, assessment literacy, familiarity and use of language teaching strategies, as well as perceived social status and job satisfaction. The book ends with an extensive discussion of bilingualism and code-switching as well as the teaching of Chinese culture in Singapore schools. The comprehensive coverage provides a milestone in Chinese Language teaching in the multi-lingual context of Singapore.

International comparative studies of student achievement have caught the attention of governments, policy-makers, school leaders and educational researchers globally. They have become benchmarks of education for countries in the world and provide a broad perspective for countries to evaluate their education achievement. However, culture and school environment are two critical factors affecting educational achievement that deserve careful consideration and re-interpretation. This book brings light to these conceptual and methodological issues.The 14 articles in this book deal with various aspects of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), including cultural and social environments, principals' roles and views, achievements in Reading, Science, and Mathematics, and the trustworthiness of international comparisons. The articles use PISA and PIRLS data to present new insights and interpretations of international surveys. These insights will help educators, administrators, and policy-makers understand the working mechanisms of their school systems and the relationships between students' achievement and the culture and school environment they are in.This book is a companion volume to the author's earlier publication - PISA: Issues and Effects in Singapore, East Asia, and the World (World Scientific, 2017).

This book addresses the problems and issues surrounding teaching Chinese as a second language in the Singapore context. It identifies four main areas of concern: (1) Neglect of culture in the teaching of Chinese; (2) Difficulty of learning Hanzi (Chinese characters); (3) Cognitive and affective aspects of Chinese language learning; and (4) Authenticity of the Chinese language in a global and Singapore context. The book includes lesson design and instructional practices for re-prioritizing Chinese as a set of trainable skills, as well as teaching culture in the context of teaching the language. It also introduces the Chinese as a Second Language Readability Formula to help learners overcome their difficulties with learning Hanzi (Chinese characters), and the Attitude Toward Chinese Language Scale to help understand the various factors that can influence Chinese language learning. It also proposes a student-oriented model for conducting problem-based research, tapping into the disciplines of psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics. Resolving or minimizing the issues identified here requires action at the macro level by Chinese language researchers on a national scale, and at the micro level by classroom teachers through action research.