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Loss of biodiversity on tropical and subtropical oceanic islands is
one of the most pressing conservation issues. These oceanic islands
are well known for their unique fauna and ? ora, which evolved over
long periods in isolation from external perturbation. However, the
maj- ity of these islands in the Paci? c were eventually settled by
Polynesians and then by Europeans; by about 200 years ago, only a
few island groups remained untouched. The Bonin Islands are one of
these groups. The Bonin Island group is one of the most remote in
the world. The islands are located 1,000 km south of Japan off the
eastern fringe of Eurasia. They were ? rst discovered by the
Japanese in 1670, settled by Westerners from Hawaii in 1830, and ?
nally recognized as a Japanese territory in 1862 on condition that
previous settlers would be protected and allowed to remain with
full rights. Because of this complicated history, the Bonins have
two names.
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