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This book introduces recent developments in both theoretical and
empirical analyses of local public economics. Theories of those
economics as well as empirical analyses have been developed
dramatically in various directions in recent years. One direction
has been to reflect real economic circumstances, especially in
Japan. In the early 2000s, Japan experienced the so-called great
merger (or consolidation) of municipalities in the Heisei era (1999
through the present), with the number of municipalities shrinking
from 3,232 to 1,821 for increasing administrative and financial
efficiency. This phenomenon is mainly due to a drastic change in
demography in Japan: the dimishing birthrate and aging population.
Following the consolidation, regional coordination has been
undertaken to raise overall administrative and financial
efficiency. In sum, various types of public policies for tackling
the decreasing birthrate and aging population have been carried
out. Urban sprawl and the timing of municipal mergers are dealt
with from a broad point of view, and public child care services and
tax competition are investigated from a policy standpoint. Another
direction has been to incorporate new ideas for forming theoretical
frameworks for local public finance, most of which have been based
on static situations. In the recent trend toward globalization,
local governments have attended not only to the welfare of
residents but also to the interests of regional economic
development. In addition, decision making by local governments has
tended to be affected by political activities. Thus, the endogenous
growth setting and lobbying activities for the activities of local
governments are discussed in the book. With these new directions
for analyses, the author tackles the topics of tax competition,
cross-border shopping, local provision of public goods, and soft
budgets, thus covering a broad range of aspects of local public
finance.
This book presents a comprehensive analysis of tax consequences in
an oligopolistic market. It provides the reader with a systematic
and precise way of understanding the research content of tax
incidence. A major feature of the book is its analysis of tax
incidence from both domestic and international oligopolies. Then,
by examining various oligopoly models, it approaches the essence of
domestic and multilateral tax issues. Starting with the general
theory of commodity tax incidence in an oligopoly, the topics
addressed in this book include tax reform, environmental
regulation, and policy coordination in international oligopolies.
In addition to the usual oligopoly model, managerial oligopoly, the
public pricing problem for firms in an oligopoly, and mixed
oligopoly are dealt with. By presenting individual issues and
explaining the relevance of each topic, this book is highly
recommended for readers interested in policymaking and the global
market in relation to the interdisciplinary developments of public
economics, regional economics, and international economics. This
book is also valuable as an advanced textbook on applied economics.
This book presents a comprehensive analysis of tax consequences in
an oligopolistic market. It provides the reader with a systematic
and precise way of understanding the research content of tax
incidence. A major feature of the book is its analysis of tax
incidence from both domestic and international oligopolies. Then,
by examining various oligopoly models, it approaches the essence of
domestic and multilateral tax issues. Starting with the general
theory of commodity tax incidence in an oligopoly, the topics
addressed in this book include tax reform, environmental
regulation, and policy coordination in international oligopolies.
In addition to the usual oligopoly model, managerial oligopoly, the
public pricing problem for firms in an oligopoly, and mixed
oligopoly are dealt with. By presenting individual issues and
explaining the relevance of each topic, this book is highly
recommended for readers interested in policymaking and the global
market in relation to the interdisciplinary developments of public
economics, regional economics, and international economics. This
book is also valuable as an advanced textbook on applied economics.
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