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This book shows the push and pull effects between resources, human
security and conflicts in Africa. It recognizes the need for
resources in Africa to be processed into finished goods in order to
influence global market and redefine the pattern of trade relations
with powerful countries of Asia, America and Europe in shaping the
destiny and future of African countries. The achievement of this
laudable objective is plagued by the security challenges which are
directly or indirectly linked to resource-related conflicts rocking
most of the resource endowed countries in the continent, thereby
threatening global peace and security. To deal with this menace in
the continent, it requires global co-operation and support of
foreign governments, international organizations, international
non-government organizations, governments of host countries and its
citizens. The book presents the cases and experiences of countries
that are endowed with resource, as well as have experienced
different forms of human insecurity and have witnessed
environmental conflicts in its analysis, which make the discourse
interesting and quite educating.
This book interrogates the nature of elections and election
violence in the African countries. It traces the causes of the
governance menace to multiple factors that are not limited to
poverty, unemployment, and media. The book documents how election
violence cripples the nation-building process across many African
countries. Consequently, it reveals that states have lost their
manifest destiny of national transformation in Africa because they
cannot guarantee that legitimate candidates, who should win
elections, due to the widespread manipulation of violence at all
levels of electoral engineering. The chapters rely on the cases and
changing dynamics of elections and electoral violence in the
different Nigerian states. It traces the origins of elections, the
nature and patterns of a number of past elections as well as the
roles of youth, judiciary, electoral umpire, social media, and
gender on the changing nature of elections in Nigeria.
This collection of essays on international relations and conflict
in Africa is offered as a scholarly tribute to Professor Victor
Ojakorotu, a distinguished scholar of African international
politics. The editors, rising scholars Kelechi Johnmary Ani and
Kayode Eesuola, have assembled a team of contributors whose work
examines vital themes for understanding modern Africa. The volume
encompasses assessments of African international politics,
governance, conflict dynamics, and peacekeeping efforts, focusing
on the national conflicts in Central African Republic and Somalia,
protests in South Africa, terrorism in Nigeria, and insecurity in
West African states. The dynamics of diplomacy and challenges of
bilateral and multilateral relations, peacekeeping, gender in
governance, and international trade figure prominently.
International Relations and Security Politics in Africa will be
essential reading for all students of the continent. The second
theme of International Relations and Environmental Conflict in
Africa covers pressing issues of environmental politics, such as
environmental activism and litigation, climate change,
conservation, the challenges of coastal communities, flood
prevention, and waste management. Oil subsidy removal, rule of law,
and the roles of media and religion are also closely considered.
This collection's final theme covers domestic security issues, such
as policing, ethno-religious conflicts, local conflicts between
farmers and herdsmen, and strategies of conflict resolution. Other
issues under discussion include peacebuilding, urban machine
politics, the place of children and youth in nation building, and
the intersection of politics and psychology in self-determination
struggles. Of vital importance to any student of modern Africa,
these chapters offer a solid and detailed compendium of readings to
contextualize key international relations subjects in the real
world. The compendium is also a fitting tribute to the life's work
of one of the brightest scholarly minds Africa has produced.
The book discusses the failure of many African governments in
providing the social needs of the masses, thereby placing the
citizenry on the desperate quest for economic resources.
Unfortunately, in many African States, mineral resources are owned,
explored and marketed by the machinery of the state. The problem
arises when the masses begin to challenge state access and
ownership of resources that are domiciled within their ancestral
land, communities, and constituencies. Often the challenge and
resistance to state ownership of resources is generated by communal
or group sense of exploitation, negligence and widespread poverty
in the face of high resource endowment and waste by the government
officials. Paradoxically, in Niger Delta of Nigeria, as
discussed in the book, the state has unleashed unlimited might upon
all social groups and agitators, thereby leading to the increased
act of taking arms by such groups. When the informal resource
agitators succeed in arming themselves, they begin to demand social
and environmental justice, thereby leading to mass armed conflict
between them and the government security agencies. Sometimes, the
confrontation could be between them and other rival local resource
actors in the informal sector of their country’s economy bearing
in mind that the resources within their jurisdiction have become
the central determinant of national commonwealth.  It
is at that state of desperado to control access, extraction and
sale of natural resources in a State, by different armed groups
that the process of natural resources extraction qualifies as the
most visible cause of conflicts and crises around the African
continent that is the centrepiece of the book. This is quite
understandable given that mineral resource is a gift of nature; and
nature is that phenomenon that every human, group and nation claim
to represent, or, believe to represent them.
The book presents a historical account of the colonial foundation
of African economy and diplomacy. It reveals how the colonial
companies and their agents penetrated different parts of Africa and
entrenched Western colonialism and imperialism. Ironically, the
arrival of these colonial companies became a driver of colonial
labour migration as the educated and few privileged African people
have to move towards the location of the colonial companies in
order to eke-out improved standard of living. It presents the
dynamics of import and export trade as promoted by the colonial
companies. Consequently, the second part of the study raised the
nature of relations amongst some independent African states. First,
it reveals the deep-rooted challenge of poverty, migration problem,
xenophobia in South Africa and resource conflicts within sovereign
border areas of Nigeria and Cameroon as well as the Ethiopian dam
crisis with Egypt, as some negative effects of colonialism on some
African states. Secondly, it advocated for the advancement of
African sports diplomacy, balancing of Chinese-African trade
diplomacy and improved labour migration within Africa as some paths
to sustainable diplomacy in continent.
In Conflict and Human Security Threats in Africa, South African
scholar Victor Ojakorotu unravels the dynamics of conflicts and
human security threats now affecting numerous African nations.
While some of these conflicts are local, others are national and
international. This current and highly engaging study captures
multiple cases of insecurity, presenting discussions of terrorism,
kidnapping, militia activities, human trafficking, political
violence, teenage pregnancy, civil war, and armed conflicts, as
well as strategies for their future management. Ojakorotu documents
a philosophical assessment of African politics as well as the place
of the "new" media in the politics of human security and the
development of an African worldview in the post-modern intellectual
arena. This book is a must-read for all students of African and
global politics, as well as policy makers and diplomats working
with Africa, which will soon be home to more than three billion
people and a center of global growth.
Environmental Conflicts and Peacebuilding in Africa covers pressing
issues of environmental politics, such as environmental activism
and litigation, climate change, conservation, the challenges of
coastal communities, flood prevention, and waste management. Oil
subsidy removal, rule of law, and the roles of media and religion
are also closely considered. This collection of essays also covers
domestic security issues, such as policing, ethno-religious
conflicts, local conflicts between farmers and herdsmen, and
strategies of conflict resolution affecting the environment. Other
issues under discussion include peacebuilding, urban machine
politics, the place of children and youth in nation building, and
the intersection of politics and psychology in self-determination
struggles. Of vital importance to any student of modern Africa,
these chapters offer a solid and detailed compendium of readings to
contextualize key international relations subjects in the real
world. The compendium is also a fitting tribute to the life's work
of one of the brightest scholarly minds Africa has produced.
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