Transport Economics is a revised and refined fourth edition of a well-established textbook which applies economic analysis to transport issues. Each chapter has been carefully reworked and includes new material dealing with the regulation of transport markets. To assist in pedagogy, twenty or so free standing 'Exhibits' now provide a variety of case studies and narratives to supplement the text. More up-to-date examples and illustrations also make the understanding of economic principles easier and assist in the assimilation of economic concepts. The theoretical content is supported with considerable empirical evidence drawn from a wide range of international sources. Although aimed primarily at university students, this volume is accessible to non-specialists who have an interest in transport economics. It has no modal bias but rather examines in general terms the many aspects of the demand for, and supply of, transport together with the various methods of government intervention needed to ensure that social and environmental criteria are attained. This successful and widely adopted textbook has been meticulously revised and updated for the fourth edition. As the best intermediate text currently available, it will be welcomed by students, policymakers and all those concerned with the supply of transport services.

This groundbreaking book offers a critical and wide-ranging assessment of the global air transport liberalization process over the past 40 years. This compilation of world experts on air transport economics, policy, and regulation is timely and significant, considering that air transport is currently facing a series of new challenges due to technological changes, the emergence of new markets, and increased security concerns. The book initially explores liberalization within various geographical markets such as the United States, Australia, Ireland, the European Union, China, India, Latin America, and Africa. It expands upon this by addressing the main concerns that were initially leveled against air transport liberalization, including those involving safety, social services, market concentration, and the domination of hub airports as well as market instability. This analysis of air transport and its regulation will be of interest to aviation professionals, regulators, researchers, and students who are taking courses in air transport, economic regulation, and contemporary transport history.

Transport Economics is a revised and refined fourth edition of a well-established textbook which applies economic analysis to transport issues. Each chapter has been carefully reworked and includes new material dealing with the regulation of transport markets. To assist in pedagogy, twenty or so free standing 'Exhibits' now provide a variety of case studies and narratives to supplement the text. More up-to-date examples and illustrations also make the understanding of economic principles easier and assist in the assimilation of economic concepts. The theoretical content is supported with considerable empirical evidence drawn from a wide range of international sources. Although aimed primarily at university students, this volume is accessible to non-specialists who have an interest in transport economics. It has no modal bias but rather examines in general terms the many aspects of the demand for, and supply of, transport together with the various methods of government intervention needed to ensure that social and environmental criteria are attained. This successful and widely adopted textbook has been meticulously revised and updated for the fourth edition. As the best intermediate text currently available, it will be welcomed by students, policymakers and all those concerned with the supply of transport services.

In this clear and observant book, Kenneth Button provides an overview of the economics and political economy of transport security, considering its policy from an economic perspective. His analysis applies micro-economic theory to transport issues, supporting and enhancing the larger framework of our knowledge about personal, industrial, and national security.Button's focus on the economic aspects of transportation security strives to move beyond established technical and legal approaches, working within both the narrower microeconomics of individual and corporate efficiency and the larger trends in economic policy-making. By fitting current security trends into economic analysis, he discusses not only contemporary developments, but also their economic implications and approaches for assessing alternative strategies. This examination of applied economics is a must-read for those looking to gain a broader view of transport security issues. It is a critical resource for those in the security industries as well as those involved in education about transport, security matters, and applied microeconomics. Contents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. The Scale and Nature of the Terrorist Problem 3. Some Basic Economics of Transportation Security 4. Links Between Market Structure and Security 5. The Economic Instruments of Security Policy 6. Security and Air Transportation 7. The Economics of Shopping Mall Security 8. Maritime Security 9. Some Conclusions Index

Flying into the Future explores the organization of air transport in the European Union. It analyses the nature of the industries supplying air transport services, the institutional structure of air transport services, and impediments to increased efficiency in the provision of air transport. The reduction in institutional barriers and regulations has led to a more efficient provision of air transport services in the EU. This book assesses the improvements in the efficiency of air transport services, and highlights institutional and physical problems impeding further efficiency gains. The authors examine airline operations, and the ability of two or more transport systems to operate effectively in tandem. They also consider how to make the boundaries between different transport networks invisible, as well as discussing issues of national organization and the juridical structures which impede operations. The analysis examines both the internal European Union market for air transport services and the links between it and the rest of the world. Other key issues discussed include: * EU air transport developments in the context of global markets * comparisons of recent developments in aviation policy between the EU and the United States * the problems of congestion in the air transport industry in Europe * the growth and significance of airline alliances. The authors not only consider the economics of European air transport but also legal, political, technical and geographical issues. They explore the problems of providing air transport in the context of inadequate information, institutional constraints, inherent market imperfections and imprecise objectives. Flying into the Future will be essential reading for industrialists, policymakers and academics interested in transport economics and transport policy.

The impact of transport on the global environment is an issue attracting world-wide attention in the 1990s. This important book sheds new light on the environmental costs of transport. It discusses all modes of transport and their effects of major problems such as greenhouse gases, depletion of non-renewable resources, urban sprawl, acid rain, oil spillage etc. Drawing on the most recent research in environmental economics, it discusses problems of regulation and the implications for economic policy. This genuinely international and comparative book will be essential reading for economists, transport planners, policymakers and environmental scientists.

This book looks at the economics of the evolving interface between the movement of people, goods and information (telecommunications). It illustrates the increasing importance of information flows in relation to how people move about, the ways that goods are transported and on land-use patterns. The authors show how the linkages involved are not static but vary as technology develops, as social priorities shift, and as policymakers adjust institutional structures. The situation is evolving but, nevertheless, from a public policy and a narrower commercial, business perspective, it is important to gain broad insights into what is occurring and the ways that telecommunications, transportation, and location interact. This is the focus of the book. Telecommunications, Transportation and Location contains both sytheses and interpretations of what others have found in regard to these interactions as well as new work that extends earlier findings. The material is presented in a rigorous yet accessible manner to open it to a wide audience of practitioners concerned with policy-making within various levels of government and within private business. Researchers and academics teaching courses including transportation planning, communications, regional science, urban and regional planning, urban and regional economics and transport economics will find much to engage them within this book. It will also be very useful to logistics professionals, and policymakers and practitioners involved in transportation planning.

Transport policy has dramatically changed over the last ten years with major regulatory reforms and privatisation of transport enterprises. Part 1 presents an authoritative statement of the theoretical arguments for and against regulatory reform, the changing political scene in North America and the different mechanisms that can be used to return state-owned monopolies to the private sector. Part 2 presents the empirical evidence on ten years of airline deregulation in the United States and this review is matched by an assessment of the different situation in Europe where national governments are under pressure to follow the same path.

Air Transport Networks provides an economic analysis of the way in which the air transport industry operates and the nature of the policies that have been adopted to regulate the sector. The book covers domestic and international air transportation with an emphasis on airlines and includes discussions of related markets such as airports and air traffic control. The authors provide details of how the sector functions and the reasons why the airline industry performs as it does today and explore the ways in which governments have, over the years, attempted to manipulate air transport markets to meet political objectives. This volume will be warmly received by those interested in the operations and the influences that public policy has on the air transport sector. Air Transport Networks will also appeal to policymakers and to those working in the air transportation sector.

Transport, in particular the motor vehicle, is a major source of environmental disruption and, in the developed world, accounts for thirty percent of energy consumption. In most countries, transport policy is a major government concern, yet it is rare for decisions to be made outside a narrow set of sectoral considerations. This book, commissioned by the OECD, looks at seven countries; the UK, the USA, West Germany, France, The Netherlands, Greece and Italy. Each case demonstrates, in different ways, the problems in transport policies produced by the failure is a consequence of departmental division: transport, the environment, the exchequer, etc. all have their own, quite separate ministries. Here, a group of economists have demonstrated both the folly of such partial ways of thinking and, in writing their critiques of specific disaster, have provided models for ways forward. Originally published in 1990

The past decade has seen both some new trends in the economics of transportation and the reinforcement of work from previous periods. Econometrics and innovative programming techniques have developed the work on production efficiency and interest in demand analysis has continued. Of increasing importance in recent years are the environmental implications of transportation as well as safety and security concerns. Economists are also addressing the problems of congestion with particular regard to new policy initiatives which tie transportation more closely to land-use patterns and telecommunications. In this volume Kenneth Button brings together some of the most significant previously published articles by leading academics in all these crucial areas.

The field of globalization and transport has witnessed a surge in interest over the past two decades with scholars questioning the reasoning behind its growth, its impact on the environment and trade as well as its effect on the development of cities and supply chain logistics. The editors have selected seminal works from leading academics to address these issues and outline the diverse and controversial nature of this subject.

Transport is a fundamental component of all modern economies. Transport Policy presents a wide ranging collection of previously published articles which aim to provide the reader with an understanding of the main elements of transport policy. Topics covered include: the objectives of transport policy, policy options, policy analysis and, through a series of case studies, policy implementation. This volume will be of particular interest to those academics and policymakers seeking an overview of the most important issues in the modern transport policy arena.

This insightful volume presents a multidisciplinary perspective on environmental planning. Drawing on the most important works in the environmental and social sciences, this collection places special emphasis on spatial dimensions and pure planning and covers such topics as: regulatory instruments and institutions; policy under bounded rationality; urban environmental planning; regulation of diffuse sources and land; location and trade and ex-post evaluation planning. In addition to many classic papers, the editor has included some recent surveys and papers which offer an original viewpoint. The book will be an essential source of reference for scholars and practitioners alike.

Ecosystems and Nature brings together the work of leading authorities in biodiversity research. It provides readers with a broad interdisciplinary perspective on the major issues in biodiversity, including economics, natural science, management and ethics.The collection is divided into four main sections: part I introduces some fundamental scientific and socio-economic concepts and analysis in order to illustrate the complexities involved in the human-ecosystems interface; part II deals with the valuation of ecosystems with special emphasis on the main biomes, faults, wetlands, marine systems, grasslands and agriculture; part III covers the problem of value appropriation and the relevant constraints and available policy instruments; the final section focuses on the difficult ethical issues that surround utilization and conservation of biodiversity.

Planning as deliberate preparation for future action is as old as human history. Agricultural land allocation and cities were always planned, as were military warfare and defence. With the growing complexity of society in the 19th century, however, planning became a discipline and profession. Since then, not only has the perception of planning and its role in society undergone significant change, but its instruments and methods have also evolved. This collection of classic papers by leading individuals of their day reflects how thinking about planning has changed over time. It also includes seminal papers on the methodology of planning to show how sophisticated techniques have been developed to meet the diverse demands of planning in a rapidly changing world.

This authoritative new collection gathers together the issues important to the understanding of the challenges and problems of modern rail transport. Part I includes articles on costs and productivity, part II discusses pricing and part III looks at regulation and privatisation. Part IV examines econometric rail demand models. Part V focuses on disaggregate choice modelling and part VI covers investment. The editors have included not only classic papers by Griliches, Keeler and Caves et al on cost functions, Baumol on pricing and regulation and Foster and Beesley on investment, but also lesser known papers which pioneer up to date methods. Together these form a valuable collection of previously published articles which will be of interest to researchers and policy analysts in the industry and to academics and students specialising in rail transport policy and economics.

This authoritative new collection of 40 articles, presents the most important classics and contemporary papers on air transport. It features a comprehensive range of topics, including airline costs and productivity, pricing and yield management, competitive behaviour and strategic alliances, environmental aspects, and aviation in developing nations. Congestion and investment in airports, and regulation of airports are also covered. The articles selected cover theoretical analyses of air transport, empirical findings and discussion of policy issues such as liberalisation and deregulation of airline markets. The collection highlights current policy issues and emerging trends which will be of interest to students of transport economics, industrial organisation and regulation. It will also be a useful reference tool for policy makers and regulators, airline executives and to consultants in aviation and transport.

This authoritative two volume collection illustrates the most important methods for valuing non-priced environmental goods. It will be essential reading for new researchers as well as providing an excellent source of well-known material for scholars already working in this area.The first volume provides a variety of papers on different applications of opportunity cost, travel-cost, hedonic price and contingent valuation methods which emphasise both theory and practice. Classic articles on discrete choice, non-use values and the WTA v. WTP controversy are included. It also includes contributions from psychologists which identify anomalies in economic theory as well as developing more robust evaluation methods. The second volume addresses the problem of evaluation when there are multi-attribute goods and programmes and considers how the validity of results can be assessed. Allocative mechanisms for environmental resources are also illustrated with analysis of some of the property rights issues surrounding damage to resources. A series of case studies evaluate major issues: biodiversity; wetlands; landscape; noise; safety and air pollution. The volume concludes with the transfer of benefit estimates between sites, the usefulness of meta-analysis and two thought provoking articles concerning the meaning of valuation.

This is an authoritative collection of previously published articles on important aspects of the 'automobile age'. The volume has been divided into five areas of interest. Part I focuses on supply side issues related to the car industry, technological change in the transport sector and future developments of automobile technology. Parts II, III and IV deal with the demand for automobile transport within the overall transport system. The final section deals with private and social costs, externalities such as accidents, congestion and pollution, and policy interventions. Rapidly growing car ownership has brought about a remarkable increase in mobility. The mobility and travel choices need to be analysed within complex networks. The strong mutual interactions between transport and spatial developments have led to an intense debate on 'car dependence' and related spatial systems analyses. This collection will be an invaluable source of reference to students, teachers and researchers in the field of transport studies and the history of the car industry.

This volume presents a careful selection of the key contributions to social planning produced by leading scholars in the field. It addresses the many ethical and distributional matters which enter into planning processes. Many of these concern the involvement of social values and norms into otherwise positive structures. This authoritative collection includes not only papers which look at social planning from an abstract, academic perspective but also more applied work in the field.The opening section examines the theory and methodology of social planning. The focus is on concepts such as social justice and social equity, with concern as much for their application as for their definition. The next two parts look firstly at the particular matter of sustainable development in its broadest sense, and secondly at amenities and social organization. Somewhat in contrast to this, the following part embraces papers which consider spatial mismatch and ways of planning to minimize such mismatches - or at least their impact. The last section of the collection presents two alternative planning models. This volume will be an essential source of reference for academics, researchers and practitioners concerned with social planning.

Understanding the economics and the wider impact of transport infrastructure presents a major challenge to economists. The scale of investment, indivisibilities, the setting of appropriate charges and the rate of economic growth are problems which require analyses and create controversy. Further contentious issues are the need to rely on public sector finance and certain ambiguities concerning impact on productivity.The editors have brought together in Transport Infrastructure a set of classic readings in the literature which show the development of analysis in this field. As the names in this volume show, some of the best economic thinkers of the twentieth century have addressed these multi-faceted problems. This authoritative new collection of previously published papers presents a selection of the developments in a field which is still attracting new ideas and challenging transport planners and governments in both the developed and developing world, and indicate something of the diversity of analysis needed and the problems which remain.

This outstanding new collection surveys the relationship between the environment and development, and highlights some of the tensions that are implicit in the notion of sustainable development.Environmental Economics and Development is organized into six sections: general aspects; resource utilization and management; valuation and accounting of environmental change; environmental policy instruments; adjustment, trade and the environment; and distributional issues. These areas include general features of environment-development interfaces, operational valuation and accounting methods and economic approaches to environmental policy instruments in developing countries and in the international context.

This two volume collection of pioneering material includes landmarks and significant contributions to the subjects of global environmental issues. The editors have prepared a new introduction for this authoritative collection.This collection enables the reader, whether an economist or environmentalist, to have access to material published in a wide range of journals, many of which are relatively unavailable. It will be of considerable value to researchers and teachers in all of the disciplines, including: theoretical ecology; resource and environmental economics; industrial ecology and environmental science.

This comprehensive collection of previously published material traces the development of thought and research on land use and urban policy over the past 100 years. Through carefully selected readings, Environment, Land Use and Urban Policy charts the evolution of modern urban planning, the development of public health and the survival of the city. Key papers on planning theory and modelling form the heart of the collection together with the debates over rationality, the scientific method, social organization, Marxism and the politics of planning.