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The foundations of the British monarchy date from the era, more
than a millennium ago, when Anglo-Saxon, Celtic, and Viking peoples
competed for dominance. Early sovereigns exercised near-absolute
power but over time that authority dwindled as the changing role of
women, the democratization of society, dynastic intermarriage,
financial demands, religious convictions, struggles for economic
and political control, and territorial aggrandizement combined to
promote change. The strengths and weaknesses of rulers such as
William the Conqueror, Henry VIII, Elizabeth I, and Mary, Queen of
Scots, and Queen Elizabeth also contributed to the evolution of the
monarchy and are documented here. Historical Dictionary of the
British Monarchy, Second Edition contains a chronology, an
introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section
has more than 800 cross-referenced entries that cover significant
events, places, institutions, and other aspects of British culture,
economics, politics, and society. This book is an excellent
resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more
about the British monarchy.
The evolution of the United States from a late-18th century
coalition of rebel British colonies to a 21st century global
superpower was shaped by several forces. As the nation expanded its
boundaries after the Treaty of Paris confirmed independence from
Great Britain in 1783, it acquired a rich variety of resources -
coal, fertile soils, forests, iron ore, oil, precious metals,
space, and varied climates as well as extensive tracts of
territory. Technological innovations, such as the cotton gin and
steam power, enabled entrepreneurs to exploit those resources and
create wealth. Federal and state legislators provided environments
in which the economy could flourish, and military strategists kept
the country safe from external attack. Diplomats negotiated
commercial agreements with foreign governments and cultivated
multinational alliances that strengthened freedoms. Through its
focus on the people and places that shaped the country's economic
and political development and its detailed accounts of the
processes that enabled the U.S. to expand across the continent
Historical Dictionary of the United States contains a chronology,
an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary
section has more than 400 cross-referenced entries on important
personalities as well as aspects of the country's politics,
economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an
excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to
know more about the United States.
The monarch is the United Kingdom's head of state, exercising
powers that are circumscribed by common law, convention, and
statute law. Nowadays, many of the sovereign's functions are
ceremonial but in the past the balance between ceremony and
decision-making was very different. The foundations of the modern
monarchy were laid more than a millennium ago, in Anglo-Saxon and
Celtic Britain, so its modern form is a stage in an evolution that
has been shaped by attitudes towards divorce, the changing role of
women, the democratization of society, dynastic intermarriage,
financial demands, religious convictions, struggles for economic
and political power, and territorial aggrandizement. Covering some
of the most famous figures in world history, including William the
Conqueror, Henry VIII, and Queens Victoria, Elizabeth I, and
Elizabeth II, the Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy
provides a chronology starting with the year 495 and continuing to
the present day, an introductory essay, an extensive bibliography,
and over 600 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant
persons, places, events, institutions, and other aspects of British
culture, society, economy, and politics. This book is a must for
anyone interested in the British monarchy.
The last quarter of a century, from 1979 to 2007, has been eventful
for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The
year 1979 brought major changes to the United Kingdom, in
particular when the political climate altered radically with the
coming to power of the Conservatives under Margaret Thatcher
following the disastrous "Winter of Discontent," which was
characterized by economic woes and labor unrest. In 1997, the
political climate shifted once again when the New Labour party won
a landslide victory and the government was run by the left-leaning
centrist, Tony Blair. The period witnessed conflicts raging both at
home and abroad, it saw the premature death of a princess, and,
more positively, the reemergence of the UK economy. The A to Z of
Contemporary United Kingdom seeks to present the events, people,
and trends of the last 28 years and to help explain the current
state of the United Kingdom. Knowledge of this is vital to
understanding the society, politics, personalities, and actions
that are shaping the country right now. This is done through a
chronology dating from 1979 to the present, an introductory essay,
a bibliography, and over 700 cross-referenced dictionary entries on
significant persons, places, events, institutions, and
organizations, as well as the political, economic, social,
cultural, and religious facets.
For much of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Britain
was the dominant world power, its strength based in large part on
its command of an Empire that, in the years immediately after World
War I, encompassed almost one-quarter of the earth's land surface
and one-fifth of its population. Writers boasted that the sun never
set on British possessions, which provided raw materials that,
processed in British factories, could be re-exported as
manufactured products to expanding colonial markets. The commercial
and political might was not based on any grand strategic plan of
territorial acquisition, however. The Empire grew piecemeal, shaped
by the diplomatic, economic, and military circumstances of the
times, and its speedy dismemberment in the mid-twentieth century
was, similarly, a reaction to the realities of geopolitics in
post-World War II conditions. Today the Empire has gone but it has
left a legacy that remains of great significance in the modern
world. The Historical Dictionary of the British Empire covers its
history through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes,
and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700
cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics,
economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an
excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone
wanting to know more about Britain.
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