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These interdisciplinary studies address pre-1900 non-Western urban
growth in the African Sudan, Mexico, the Ottoman Middle East, and
South, Southeast, and East Asia. Therein, primary and secondary
cities served as functional societal agents that were viable and
potentially powerful alternatives to the diversity of kinship-based
local or regional networks, the societal delegated spaces in which
local and external agencies met and interacted in a wide variety of
political, economic, spiritual, and military forms. They were
variously transportation centers, sites of a central temples, court
and secular administration centers, fortified military compounds,
intellectual (literary) activity cores, and marketplace and/or
craft production sites. One element of these urban centers'
existence might have been more important than others, as a
political capital, a cultural capital, or an economic capital. In
the post-1500 era of increasing globalization, especially with the
introduction of new technologies of transport, communication, and
warfare, non-Western cities even more became the hubs of knowledge,
societal, and cultural formation and exchange because of the
location of both markets and political centers in urban areas. New
forms of professionalism, militarization, and secular
bureaucratization were foundational to centralizing state
hierarchies that could exert more control over their networked
segments. This book's authors consciously attempt to balance the
histories of functional urban agency between the local and the
exogenous, giving weight to local activities, events, beliefs,
institutions, communities, individuals, and historical narratives.
In several studies, both external and internal societal prejudices
and the inability of key decision makers to understand indigenous
reality led to negative consequences both in the local environment
and in the global arena.
This comprehensive history provides a fresh interpretation of
Southeast Asia from 100 to 1500, when major social and economic
developments foundational to modern societies took place on the
mainland (Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam) and the island
world (Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines). Kenneth R. Hall
explores this dynamic era in detail, which was notable for growing
external contacts, internal adaptations of nearby cultures, and
progressions from hunter-gatherer and agricultural communities to
inclusive hierarchical states. In the process, formerly local
civilizations became major participants in period's international
trade networks. Incorporating the latest archeological evidence and
international scholarship, Kenneth Hall enlarges upon prior
histories of early Southeast Asia that did not venture beyond 1400,
extending the study of the region to the Portuguese seizure of
Melaka in 1511. Written for a wide audience of non-specialists, the
book will be essential reading for all those interested in Asian
and world history.
With the closure of the overland Silk Road in the fourteenth
century following the collapse of the Mongol empire, the Indian
Ocean provided the remaining vital link for wider cultural,
political, and societal integrations prior to the Western colonial
presence. Collectively, these studies explore the history of
non-metropolitan urban settings c. 1400-1800 in the Indian Ocean
realm, from the Ottoman Empire and the African coastline at the
mouth of the Red Sea in the west to China in the east. This was an
age of heightened international commercial exchange that pre-dated
the European arrival, which in the Indian Ocean paired Islamic
expansionism and political authority, and, alternately, in the case
of mainland Southeast Asia, partnered Buddhism with new
centralizing monarchies. While grounded in multi-disciplinary urban
studies literature, the twelve studies in this collection explore
secondary center networking, as this networking distinguishes
secondary cities from metropolitan centers, which have
traditionally received the most scholarly attention. The book
features the research of international scholars, whose work
addresses the representative history of small cities and urban
networking in various parts of the Indian Ocean world in an era of
change, allowing them the opportunity to compare approaches,
methods, and sources in the hopes of discovering common features as
well as notable differences. This volume is the result of a 2007
conference on 'The Small City in Global Context, ' hosted by the
Center for Middletown Studies at Ball State University, Muncie,
Indiana, intended to expand the field of urban studies by
encouraging scholars of diverse global interests and
specializations to explore the history of non-metropolitan urban
settings.
This comprehensive history provides a fresh interpretation of
Southeast Asia from 100 to 1500, when major social and economic
developments foundational to modern societies took place on the
mainland (Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam) and the island
world (Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines). Kenneth R. Hall
explores this dynamic era in detail, which was notable for growing
external contacts, internal adaptations of nearby cultures, and
progressions from hunter-gatherer and agricultural communities to
inclusive hierarchical states. In the process, formerly local
civilizations became major participants in period's international
trade networks. Incorporating the latest archeological evidence and
international scholarship, Kenneth Hall enlarges upon prior
histories of early Southeast Asia that did not venture beyond 1400,
extending the study of the region to the Portuguese seizure of
Melaka in 1511. Written for a wide audience of non-specialists, the
book will be essential reading for all those interested in Asian
and world history.
Bringing together leading scholars of literature, history, library
studies, and communications, Print Culture Histories Beyond the
Metropolis rejects the idea that print culture necessarily spreads
outwards from capitals and cosmopolitan cities and focuses
attention to how the residents of smaller cities, provincial
districts, rural settings, and colonial outposts have produced,
disseminated, and read print materials. Too often print media has
been represented as an engine of metropolitan modernity. Rather
than being the passive recipients of print culture generated in
city centres, the inhabitants of provinces and colonies have acted
independently, as jobbing printers in provincial Britain, black
newspaper proprietors in the West Indies, and library patrons in
"Middletown," Indiana, to mention a few examples. This important
new book gives us a sophisticated account of how printed materials
circulated, a more precise sense of their impact, and a fuller of
understanding of how local contexts shaped reading experiences.
With the closure of the overland Silk Road in the fourteenth
century following the collapse of the Mongol empire, the Indian
Ocean provided the remaining vital link for wider cultural,
political, and societal integrations prior to the Western colonial
presence. Collectively, these studies explore the history of
non-metropolitan urban settings c. 1400-1800 in the Indian Ocean
realm, from the Ottoman Empire and the African coastline at the
mouth of the Red Sea in the west to China in the east. This was an
age of heightened international commercial exchange that pre-dated
the European arrival, which in the Indian Ocean paired Islamic
expansionism and political authority, and, alternately, in the case
of mainland Southeast Asia, partnered Buddhism with new
centralizing monarchies. While grounded in multi-disciplinary urban
studies literature, the twelve studies in this collection explore
secondary center networking, as this networking distinguishes
secondary cities from metropolitan centers, which have
traditionally received the most scholarly attention. The book
features the research of international scholars, whose work
addresses the representative history of small cities and urban
networking in various parts of the Indian Ocean world in an era of
change, allowing them the opportunity to compare approaches,
methods, and sources in the hopes of discovering common features as
well as notable differences. This volume is the result of a 2007
conference on "The Small City in Global Context," hosted by the
Center for Middletown Studies at Ball State University, Muncie,
Indiana, intended to expand the field of urban studies by
encouraging scholars of diverse global interests and
specializations to explore the history of non-metropolitan urban
settings.
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