World-leading anthropologists and philosophers pursue the perplexing question fundamental to both disciplines: What is it to think of ourselves as human? A common theme is the open-ended and context-dependent nature of our notion of the human, one upshot of which is that perplexities over that notion can only be dealt with in a piecemeal fashion, and in relation to concrete real-life circumstances. Philosophical anthropology, understood as the exploration of such perplexities, will thus be both recognizably philosophical in character and inextricably bound up with anthropological fieldwork. The volume is put together accordingly: Precisely by mixing ostensibly philosophical papers with papers that engage in close anthropological study of concrete issues, it is meant to reflect the vital tie between these two aspects of the overall philosophical-anthropological enterprise. The collection will be of great interest to philosophers and anthropologists alike, and essential reading for anyone interested in the interconnections between the two disciplines.

This book explores the question of what it means to be a human being through sustained and original analyses of three important philosophical topics: relativism, skepticism, and naturalism in the social sciences. Kevin M. Cahill's approach involves an original employment of historical and ethnographic material that is both conceptual and empirical in order to address relevant philosophical issues. Specifically, while Cahill avoids interpretative debates, he develops an approach to philosophical critique based on Cora Diamond's and James Conant's work on the early Wittgenstein. This makes possible the use of a concept of culture that avoids the dogmatism that not only typifies traditional metaphysics but also frequently mars arguments from ordinary language or phenomenology. This is especially crucial for the third part of the book, which involves a cultural-historical critique of the ontology of the self in Stanley Cavell's work on skepticism. In pursuing this strategy, the book also mounts a novel and timely defense of the interpretivist tradition in the philosophy of the social sciences. Towards a Philosophical Anthropology of Culture will be of interest to researchers working on the philosophy of the social sciences, Wittgenstein, and philosophical anthropology. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780367638238, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Wittgenstein was centrally concerned with the puzzling nature of the mind, mathematics, morality and modality. He also developed innovative views about the status and methodology of philosophy and was explicitly opposed to crudely "scientistic" worldviews. His later thought has thus often been understood as elaborating a nuanced form of naturalism appealing to such notions as "form of life", "primitive reactions", "natural history", "general facts of nature" and "common behaviour of mankind". And yet, Wittgenstein is strangely absent from much of the contemporary literature on naturalism and naturalising projects. This is the first collection of essays to focus explicitly on the relationship between Wittgenstein and naturalism. The volume is divided into four sections, each of which addresses a different aspect of naturalism and its relation to Wittgenstein's thought. The first section considers how naturalism could or should be understood. The second section deals with some of the main problematic domains-consciousness, meaning, mathematics-that philosophers have typically sought to naturalise. The third section explores ways in which the conceptual nature of human life might be continuous in important respects with animals. The final section is concerned with the naturalistic status and methodology of philosophy itself. This book thus casts a fresh light on many classical philosophical issues and brings Wittgensteinian ideas to bear on a number of current debates-for example experimental philosophy, neo-pragmatism and animal cognition/ethics-in which naturalism is playing a central role.

This book explores the question of what it means to be a human being through sustained and original analyses of three important philosophical topics: relativism, skepticism, and naturalism in the social sciences. Kevin M. Cahill's approach involves an original employment of historical and ethnographic material that is both conceptual and empirical in order to address relevant philosophical issues. Specifically, while Cahill avoids interpretative debates, he develops an approach to philosophical critique based on Cora Diamond's and James Conant's work on the early Wittgenstein. This makes possible the use of a concept of culture that avoids the dogmatism that not only typifies traditional metaphysics but also frequently mars arguments from ordinary language or phenomenology. This is especially crucial for the third part of the book, which involves a cultural-historical critique of the ontology of the self in Stanley Cavell's work on skepticism. In pursuing this strategy, the book also mounts a novel and timely defense of the interpretivist tradition in the philosophy of the social sciences. Towards a Philosophical Anthropology of Culture will be of interest to researchers working on the philosophy of the social sciences, Wittgenstein, and philosophical anthropology. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9780367638238, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

The suppression of war has been the primary objective of the United Nations for almost fifty years, and stopping a war before it starts is easier then ending a war already underway. History however has shown that military interventions and economic sanctions often do more harm than good. In Preventive Diplomacy Nobel Prize winners, top officials, and revered thinkers tackle these issues and explore the process of conflict prevention from humanitarian, economic, and political perspectives.

The suppression of war has been the primary objective of the United Nations for almost fifty years, and stopping a war before it starts is easier than ending a war already underway. History, however, has shown that military interventions and economic sanctions often do more harm than good. In "Preventive Diplomacy," Nobel prize winners, top officials, and revered thinkers tackle these issues and explore the process of conflict prevention from humanitarian, economic, and political perspectives. This cross-disciplinary reader on global politics demonstrates that when new insights and methodologies on public health are applied to the handling of international disasters, the change in policy perspective is intriguing--even hopeful.

Wars and natural disasters--from the Balkans to the Sudan, and from Afghanistan to Central Africa--have increasingly placed humanitarian workers in the crossfire. Kevin M. Cahill has assembled an international team of renowned experts to offer a much-needed assessment of the moral, legal and political dilemmas and consequences of humanitarian assistance.
Focusing on health issues, "A Framework for Survival" takes an unflinching look at the reality facing the nations and people involved, from refugees to relief organizations. In contrast to conventional military, economic and geopolitical strategies, it suggests rational and effective solutions and foreign policy recommendations. With the collapse of many government infrastructures since the end of the Cold War, the success or failure of humanitarian efforts may, to a large extent, define the world's chances for survival.

Wittgenstein was centrally concerned with the puzzling nature of the mind, mathematics, morality and modality. He also developed innovative views about the status and methodology of philosophy and was explicitly opposed to crudely "scientistic" worldviews. His later thought has thus often been understood as elaborating a nuanced form of naturalism appealing to such notions as "form of life", "primitive reactions", "natural history", "general facts of nature" and "common behaviour of mankind". And yet, Wittgenstein is strangely absent from much of the contemporary literature on naturalism and naturalising projects. This is the first collection of essays to focus explicitly on the relationship between Wittgenstein and naturalism. The volume is divided into four sections, each of which addresses a different aspect of naturalism and its relation to Wittgenstein's thought. The first section considers how naturalism could or should be understood. The second section deals with some of the main problematic domains-consciousness, meaning, mathematics-that philosophers have typically sought to naturalise. The third section explores ways in which the conceptual nature of human life might be continuous in important respects with animals. The final section is concerned with the naturalistic status and methodology of philosophy itself. This book thus casts a fresh light on many classical philosophical issues and brings Wittgensteinian ideas to bear on a number of current debates-for example experimental philosophy, neo-pragmatism and animal cognition/ethics-in which naturalism is playing a central role.

This third volume in the pioneering series, International Humanitarian Affairs, goes beyond the practical to address fundamental questions at the heart of humanitarian actions. How do different religious, cultural, and social systemsaand the values they supportashape humanitarian action? What are the bases of caring societies? Are there universal values for human well-being? International experts come face to face with the assumptions about human dignity and social justice that guide efforts to rescue and repair communities in crisis. The original essays explore mandates for humanitarian action in religious traditions, and codes of conduct for the media, military, medicine, and the academy in relief efforts. They explore threats to human welfare from terrorism and gender exploitation and assess international law, the media, and the politics of civil society in a world of war, conflict, and strife. The contributors: Kofi Annan, Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J., Rabbi Harlan J. Wechsler, H.R.H. Prince El Hassan Bin Talal, Francis Mading Deng, Maj. Gen. Timothy Cross, Joseph Oa Hare, S.J., Tom Brokaw, Eoin OaBrien, M.D., Jan Eliasson, Timothy Harding, M.D., Paul Wilkinson, Larry Hollingworth, Nancy Ely-Raphel, John Feerick, Michael Veuthey, Edward Mortimer, Kathleen Newland, Peter Tarnoff, Richard Falk, and the editor.

Early Warning Systems: From Surveillance to Risk Assessment to Action Ted R. Gurr and Barbara Harff Initial Response to Complex Emergencies and Natural Disasters Ed Tsui Evidence-Based Health Assessment Process in Complex Emergencies Frederick M. Burkle, Jr., M.D. Concern Worldwide's Approach to Water and Sanitation and Shelter Needs in Emergencies Tom Arnold Internal Displacement: A Challenge of Peace, Security, and Nationbuilding Francis M. Deng Protection Strategies in Humanitarian Interventions Gerald R. Martone Issues of Power and Gender in Complex Emergencies Judy A. Benjamin Clinical Aspects of Malnutrition Kevin M. Cahill, M.D. Military-NGO Interaction Timothy Cross An Introduction to NGO Field Security Randolph Martin Resolutions, Mandates, Aims, Missions, and Exit Strategies Larry Hollingworth The Transition from Conflict to Peace Richard Ryscavage, S.J.

In this brief but comprehensive book, Francis Deng offers a creative analysis of the situation, aimed at addressing, and hopefully resolving, the complex dilemmas confronting Sudan, Africa, and the international community over the critical choice the South will make in January 2011--unity or secession.
This book is a powerful statement by an individual who is deeply concerned about the plight of his people and the destiny of his country, a man who, in many ways, symbolizes the lofty aspirations for unity in which diversity is seen as a source of enrichment and not of destructive conflict, a unity of full equality among all its citizens.
Sudan at the Brink is a must-read for all those concerned with developments in Sudan at this critical juncture in the history of the country. Whatever decision the Sudanese make in the January 2011 referendum, it is imperative that it be an informed choice carefully weighing the implications of secession versus unity. These profound options will likely be debated in the United Nations General Assembly. They will also be carefully considered in multiple other forums where the future of humanitarian action, peacekeeping, and development are considered.

Children have a fundamental right to education, and to the protection that schools uniquely provide in the chaos that characterizes life for refugees and internally displaced persons. This book is grounded in the personal experiences of children, aid workers, and national leaders involved in post-conflict resolution. Experts from many troubled parts of the world consider the scope of the problem, as well as the tools needed to address the crisis.

Perspectives in a Pandemic is a series of enlightening essays written by Kevin M. Cahill, M.D., providing a unique insight into the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Dr. Cahill draws on his extensive experiences in earlier epidemics, natural disasters, and armed conflicts to offer lessons, wisdom, guidance, and support to frontline workers. While he wrote the essays as weekly reflections in the early months of the pandemic for the thousands of humanitarian-relief workers he has trained around the world, this book is a must-read for anyone seeking to understand and make some sense of the complexities and chaos inevitable in a pandemic.

Labyrinths explores the origins of thirteen books I have written in the past few decades, texts that have helped to define the emerging parameters of relief operations that inevitably follow armed conflicts or natural disasters. Widely used in international training programs, these books provide practical, specific approaches and solutions-to complex problems in a multidisciplinary field. But how, and why, and even when certain editorial decisions were made required a deeper probe, and Labyrinths looks back at the formative influences of childhood, adolescence, education, and early professional experiences. Many of the pieces in this volume predate the Fordham University Press Humanitarian Book series. They were written in a library in our beach home, overlooking sand dunes and the Atlantic Ocean, with the rhythmic sound of waves and bird song as background music. In the quiet isolation of a seaside town I find respite from a busy life devoted to clinical medicine, public health, teaching, travel, and a global network of international humanitarian assistance projects. This book is dedicated "For the People of Point Lookout," who have respected my privacy while I develop initiatives that have spread from this tiny hamlet to reach millions of vulnerable people around the world.

The tragic death in Baghdad in 2003 of Sergio Vieira de Mello, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, brought into bitter relief the challenges faced by peacekeepers and humanitarian aid workers. The contributors to this book, all leading scholars and practitioners, offer invaluable perspectives on many of the most important political, legal, social, and military challenges confronting humanitarian aid in a world of terror and conflict. These original essays explore such topics as human rights and the rights of the displaced, working with local communities to rebuild viable governance, justice, and the rule of law, and maintaining safe spaces for humanitarian relief programs in zones of conflict.The contributors are: Kevin M. Cahill, Joseph McShane, S.J., Sadako Ogata, Irene Khan, Francis Deng, Mark Malloch Brown, Ghassan Salame, Roland Eng, Jan Egeland, Peter Hansen, David Rieff, Jacques Forster, Dennis McNamara, David Owen, Richard Goldstone, Sasha Tharoor, and Jan Eliasson.

Early Warning Systems: From Surveillance to Risk Assessment to Action Ted R. Gurr and Barbara Harff Initial Response to Complex Emergencies and Natural Disasters Ed Tsui Evidence-Based Health Assessment Process in Complex Emergencies Frederick M. Burkle, Jr., M.D. Concern Worldwide's Approach to Water and Sanitation and Shelter Needs in Emergencies Tom Arnold Internal Displacement: A Challenge of Peace, Security, and Nationbuilding Francis M. Deng Protection Strategies in Humanitarian Interventions Gerald R. Martone Issues of Power and Gender in Complex Emergencies Judy A. Benjamin Clinical Aspects of Malnutrition Kevin M. Cahill, M.D. Military-NGO Interaction Timothy Cross An Introduction to NGO Field Security Randolph Martin Resolutions, Mandates, Aims, Missions, and Exit Strategies Larry Hollingworth The Transition from Conflict to Peace Richard Ryscavage, S.J.

For more than fifty years, Dr. Cahill has been helping to heal the world, as a leading specialist in tropical medicine and as a driving force in humanitarian assistance and relief efforts around the globe. In this revised and expanded edition, he chronicles extraordinary achievements of compassion and commitment. Bringing together a rich selection of writings, he crafts a fascinating memoir of a life devoted to others. The book includes front-line reports from places under siege Lebanon, Somalia, Sudan, Nicaragua, Gaza, and Ireland; there are also visionary essays from the origins of the AIDS epidemic and landmine crises, and no less passionate concerns of his own experiences of pain and suffering as well as of joy and beauty in the worlds in which he has traveled. As the distinguished neurologist and author Oliver Sacks, M.D., notes in his endorsement, "These essays, by turns elegiac, lyrical, funny, tender, nostalgic, and vehemently impassioned, come together in an ongoing tapestry, a portrait of a dedicated physician who has dared to make a difference."

Since its independence on January 1, 1956, Sudan has been at war with itself. Through the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) of 2005, the North-South dimension of the conflict was seemingly resolved by the independence of the South on July 9, 2011. However, as a result of issues that were not resolved by the CPA, conflicts within the two countries have reignited conflict between them because of allegations of support for each other's rebels. In Bound by Conflict: Dilemmas of the Two Sudans, Francis M. Deng and Daniel J. Deng critique the tendency to see these conflicts as separate and to seek isolated solutions for them, when, in fact, they are closely intertwined. The policy implication is that resolving conflicts within the two Sudans is critical to the prospects of achieving peace, security, and stability between them, with the potential of moving them to some form of meaningful association.

"The history of tropical medicine is as dramatic as the story of mankind--with its own myths and legends, with tales of epidemics destroying whole civilizations; and, still today, with silent stealth, these diseases claim more lives than all the current wars combined. Having had the privilege of working throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America, as well as in the great medical centers of Europe and the United States, the author presents the essential details for understanding pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, therapy, and prevention of the major tropical diseases. The text, now in its [eighth] edition, has been used for a half-century by medical students, practicing physicians, and public health workers around the world. This fascinating book should also be of interest to a broad, nonmedical readership interested in world affairs. All royalties from the sale of this book go to the training of humanitarian workers"--Provided by publisher.

Children have a fundamental right to education, and to the protection that schools uniquely provide in the chaos that characterizes life for refugees and internally displaced persons. This book is grounded in the personal experiences of children, aid workers, and national leaders involved in post-conflict resolution. Experts from many troubled parts of the world consider the scope of the problem, as well as the tools needed to address the crisis.

For more than forty-five years, Kevin Cahill has been helping to heal the world: as a leading specialist in tropical medicine and as a driving force in humanitarian assistance and relief efforts across the globe.Physician, teacher, activist, diplomat, and advocate, Cahill has touched many lives and helped right many wrongs. In this book, he chronicles extraordinary achievements of compassion and commitment. Bringing together a rich selection of writingsaessays, op-ed pieces, speeches, and other works, many out of print or hard to findahe crafts a fascinating self-portrait of a life devoted to others.The writings reflect fully the range of Cahillas passions. Reporting from places under siegeaLebanon, Somalia, Nicaragua, Libya, and IrelandaCahill writes as a physician and activist working to restore lives wounded by land mines or threatened by violence and disease. Closer to home, there are his visionary statements from the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, powerful critiques of the politics of famine and public health, and programs for new forms of humanitarian assistance to transform health and human rights.Looking back as the Bronx-born son of an Irish physician, he also touches on more personalabut no less passionateaconcerns and on the impact on his life of the worlds of pain and suffering in which he has traveled. Kevin M. Cahill, M.D., is Director of the Institute of International Humanitarian Affairs at Fordham University and President of the Center for International Health and Cooperation in New York City. He is the author and editor of many books, including Human Security for All: A Tribute to Sergio Vieira de Mello and Technology for Humanitarian Action, both in the Fordhamseries International Humanitarian Affairs.

The incredibly rich tapestry of medicine can never be finished. In every generation, new patterns of service develop, as clinical observations and scientific discoveries change diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. But many other forces affect the ancient profession of medicine: Politics, economics, art and culture, and the expectations made possible in an era of instant communications are but a few of the potent factors rarely considered in the traditional medical school curriculum. The Distinguished International Lecture Series at The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland offered an innovative emphasis on the interrelationships of health, foreign policy, and the arts, of mutual lessons learned when diplomats and statesmen, poets, painters, and actors shared their insights, and observed how much they have gained from contact with the healing arts. This book presents the reflections of a remarkable group of world leaders who discuss their own efforts for world peace and reconciliation, efforts that demonstrate the common ground we all seek, regardless of the disciplines and professions that normally identify us. It is a book where artificial barriers are broken, and new horizons emerge.

Natural and human-made disasters are increasing around the world. Hurricanes, typhoons, earthquakes, tsunamis, droughts, and resultant famine, floods, and armed conflicts are constant reminders of the frailty of our human race. Global warming may cause whole island states to be submerged as the oceans rise. In the past these acute and recurring crises have been met by the international community responding to UN and media appeals. The economic collapse of nations is now a reality; some of those most affected had been traditional, generous donors to disaster relief operations. It is unlikely-probably impossible-that they will be able to continue to contribute overseas when their own domestic needs are unmet.
A recent New York Times front page report suggested that one of the few domestic issues to have bipartisan support was to cut the foreign aid budget. This book analyzes the global economic forecast and the United Nations pattern of philanthropy, provides a case study of how one nation with a tradition of giving will cope in the face of a marked reduction in flexible funds, and then provides thoughtful chapters on new approaches to disaster preparedness and disaster response. Among the contributors are the Director of UNESCO, the UN Undersecretary General for Humanitarian Assistance, the Secretary General's Special Representative for Disaster Risk Reduction, and fresh suggestions from three well-known global entrepreneurs.
All royalties from this book go to the training of humanitarian workers.