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Avionics often serves as the tip of the spear for research into
user-interface and systems usability in aviation. However, this
emphasis on flashy, technology-driven design can come with a cost:
the sacrifice of practical utility, which, in the high-stakes
environment of military aviation, can lead directly to catastrophe.
Mission Adaptive Display Technologies and Operational Decision
Making in Aviation explores the use of adaptive and assistive
technologies in aviation to establish clear guidelines for the
design and implementation of such technologies to better serve the
needs of both military and civilian pilots. Benefiting from the
authors' combined experience of more than 40 years in the aviation
industry and over 25,000 flight-hours, this volume targets a wide
audience of engineers and business professionals. This premier
reference source covers topics of interest to aviators and
engineers, including aerodynamic systems design, operational
decision theory, user interface design, avionics, and concepts and
cases in flight operations, mission performance, and pilot
training.
The Porphyrin Handbook, Volume 15: Phthalocyanines: Synthesis
provides information pertinent to every aspect of the chemistry,
synthesis, spectroscopy, and structure of phthalocyanines. This
book examines the biology and medical implications of porphyrin
systems. Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an
overview of the importance of compounds such as heme and
chlorophyll that play vital roles in the biological systems
responsible for the transportation of oxygen to cells in the body.
This text then explores the different methods used for the
preparation of phthalocyanine and its metallated derivatives. Other
chapters consider the detailed survey of phthalocyanine formation,
characterization, and purification. This book discusses as well the
synthesis of low-symmetry phthalocyanines and related compounds.
The final chapter deals with a survey of the structure, synthesis,
and physiochemical properties of porphyrazines with annulated
heterocycles. This book is a valuable resource for research
scientists, engineers, and clinicians.
The Porphyrin Handbook, Volume 14: Medical Aspects of Porphyrins
provides information pertinent to every aspect of the chemistry,
synthesis, spectroscopy, and structure of phthalocyanines. This
book examines the biology and medical implications of porphyrin
systems. Organized into 12 chapters, this volume begins with an
overview of the underlying diagnostic features, mechanisms, and
available treatments of erythropoietic disorders due to defective
heme biosynthesis. This text then examines the physiopathology of
acute intermittent porphyria, which is transmitted as autosomal
dominant disorders with incomplete penetrance. Other chapters
consider the main characteristics of congenital erythropoietic
porphyria, which includes an increased synthesis, accumulation, ad
excretion of porphyrins. This book discusses as well the
biochemistry, pathophysiology, and clinical features of variegate
porphyria in the light of several essential advances in the
understanding, management, and diagnosis of variegate porphyria.
The final chapter deals with the legal use of herbal and
complementary medicines. This book is a valuable resource for
research scientists, engineers, and clinicians.
This book introduces the concept of Water Diplomacy as a principled
and pragmatic approach to problem-driven interdisciplinary
collaboration, which has been developed as a response to pressing
contemporary water challenges arising from the coupling of natural
and human systems. The findings of the book are the result of a
decade-long interdisciplinary experiment in conceiving, developing,
and implementing an interdisciplinary graduate program on Water
Diplomacy at Tufts University, USA. This has led to the development
of the Water Diplomacy Framework, a shared framework for
understanding, diagnosing, and communicating about complex water
issues across disciplinary boundaries. This framework clarifies
important distinctions between water systems - simple, complicated,
or complex - and the attributes that these distinctions imply for
how these problems can be addressed. In this book, the focus is on
complex water issues and how they require a problem-driven rather
than a theory-driven approach to interdisciplinary collaboration.
Moreover, it is argued that conception of interdisciplinarity needs
to go beyond collaboration among experts, because complex water
problems demand inclusive stakeholder engagement, such as in
fact-value deliberation, joint fact finding, collective decision
making, and adaptive management. Water professionals working in
such environments need to operate with both principles and
pragmatism in order to achieve actionable, sustainable, and
equitable outcomes. This book explores these ideas in more detail
and demonstrates their efficacy through a diverse range of case
studies. Reflections on the program are also included, from
conceptualization through implementation and evaluation. This book
offers critical lessons and case studies for researchers and
practitioners working on complex water issues as well as important
lessons for those looking to initiate, implement, or evaluate
interdisciplinary programs to address other complex problems in any
setting.
This book introduces the concept of Water Diplomacy as a principled
and pragmatic approach to problem-driven interdisciplinary
collaboration, which has been developed as a response to pressing
contemporary water challenges arising from the coupling of natural
and human systems. The findings of the book are the result of a
decade-long interdisciplinary experiment in conceiving, developing,
and implementing an interdisciplinary graduate program on Water
Diplomacy at Tufts University, USA. This has led to the development
of the Water Diplomacy Framework, a shared framework for
understanding, diagnosing, and communicating about complex water
issues across disciplinary boundaries. This framework clarifies
important distinctions between water systems - simple, complicated,
or complex - and the attributes that these distinctions imply for
how these problems can be addressed. In this book, the focus is on
complex water issues and how they require a problem-driven rather
than a theory-driven approach to interdisciplinary collaboration.
Moreover, it is argued that conception of interdisciplinarity needs
to go beyond collaboration among experts, because complex water
problems demand inclusive stakeholder engagement, such as in
fact-value deliberation, joint fact finding, collective decision
making, and adaptive management. Water professionals working in
such environments need to operate with both principles and
pragmatism in order to achieve actionable, sustainable, and
equitable outcomes. This book explores these ideas in more detail
and demonstrates their efficacy through a diverse range of case
studies. Reflections on the program are also included, from
conceptualization through implementation and evaluation. This book
offers critical lessons and case studies for researchers and
practitioners working on complex water issues as well as important
lessons for those looking to initiate, implement, or evaluate
interdisciplinary programs to address other complex problems in any
setting.
Volume 45 in the highly successful series Handbook of Porphyrin
Science presents three very informative chapters of significant
topical interest to researchers in the broad field of porphyrin
science. The first chapter (Chapter 215) systematically describes
in great detail the many synthetic methods utilized for the
preparation of both metal-free and metallo-phthalocyanines. In the
second chapter (Chapter 216), new developments in the synthesis,
structure, and circular dichroism of chiral porphyrin systems are
discussed in depth. The third and final chapter in this volume
(Chapter 217) describes up-to-date advances in the use of
computational methodology for the design and synthesis of
functionally useful tetrapyrroles such as phthalocyanines,
porphyrins and 9. The volume concludes with a useful comprehensive
index.The overall emphasis of Volume 45 of the Handbook of
Porphyrin Science series, centers on synthetic methodology and
processes, with a diversion in Chapter 217 to include predictive
computational methodology, and in Chapter 216 to address the
importance of chirality in tetrapyrrole systems. All three chapters
will be of interest to researchers in the field and should provide
powerful tools for anyone involved in the chemistry of
phthalocyanines, porphyrins and related systems.
The Porphyrin Handbook, Volume 20: Phthalocyanines: Structural
Characterization provides information pertinent to every aspect of
the chemistry, synthesis, spectroscopy, and structure of
phthalocyanines. This book examines the biology and medical
implications of porphyrin systems. Organized into one chapter, this
volume begins with an overview of the molecular and crystal
structures of phthalocyanine and related complexes followed by a
database section. This text then examines the crystallographic data
that provided many researchers with the foundation to conduct their
own research on phthalocyanine crystal structures. This book
considers the structural basis for the prediction or calculation of
the phthalocyanine physical properties. This book discusses as well
the fundamental structure of a phthalocyanine molecule that
consists of four isoindole units, circularly linked via azamethine
bridges. This book is a valuable resource for research scientists,
engineers, and clinicians.
The Porphyrin Handbook, Volume 19: Applications of Phthalocyanines
provides information pertinent to every aspect of the chemistry,
synthesis, spectroscopy, and structure of phthalocyanines. This
book examines the biology and medical implications of porphyrin
systems. Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an
overview of the basic photobiology of phthalocyanines, their
structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action in a variety
of biological systems, and their potential applications for various
medical purposes. This text then examines the type of organization
of the molecules in the solid state and the intensity of the
intermolecular interactions. Other chapters consider the
applications of phthalocyanines as decorative and functional
materials, with emphasis on properties and structures of
phthalocyanines with industrial relevance. This book discusses as
well the enzyme-like catalytic functions of metal complexes
derivatives and their practical applications as odor-removing
systems and bacterial systems based on their effective catalytic
activities. This book is a valuable resource for research
scientists, engineers, and clinicians.
The Porphyrin Handbook, Volume 13: Chlorophylls and Bilins:
Biosynthesis, Synthesis, and Degradation provides information
pertinent to every aspect of the chemistry, synthesis,
spectroscopy, and structure of phthalocyanines. This book examines
the biology and medical implications of porphyrin systems.
Organized into eight chapters, this volume begins with an overview
of magnesium chelatase as a complex enzyme involved in the
biosynthesis of chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll. This text then
provides an accurate historical review of the two enzymes involved
in photosynthetic pigment production. Other chapters consider the
processes that take place in darkness in all plants including
angiosperms as the early steps of chlorophyll biosynthesis. This
book discusses as well the reactivity and structures of the known
chlorophyll catabolites from vascular plants, synthetic sources,
and microorganisms. The final chapter deals with the methodologies
used for the synthesis of bile pigments. This book is a valuable
resource for research scientists, engineers, and clinicians.
The Porphyrin Handbook, Volume 12: The Iron and Cobalt Pigments:
Biosynthesis, Structure, and Degradation provides information
pertinent to every aspect of the chemistry, synthesis,
spectroscopy, and structure of phthalocyanines. This book presents
the biochemical and clinical aspects of genetically transmitted or
drug-induced diseases associated with errors in heme metabolism.
Organized into eight chapters, this volume begins with an overview
of the comparison of regulatory principles in animal and plant
tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. This text then examines the biology and
medical implications of porphyrin systems. Other chapters consider
the transformation of hemes into bile pigments, the organic
synthesis of bilins, and the pathways of degradation of chlorophyll
in senescent plants. This book discusses as well the biosynthesis
of porphyrins, vitamin B12, and chlorophylls. The final chapter
deals with genome sequencing projects that provide sources of genes
encoding the enzymes needed for the synthesis of the intermediates.
This book is a valuable resource for research scientists,
engineers, and clinicians.
The Porphyrin Handbook, Volume 11: Bioinorganic and Bioorganic
Chemistry presents the fundamental aspects of the synthesis,
structure, chemistry, and spectroscopy of phthalocyanines. This
book discusses the biology and medical implications of porphyrin
systems. Organized into seven chapters, this volume begins with an
overview of the design, synthesis, and study of the structural and
functional models of heme/copper terminal oxidases. This text then
examines the proteins containing iron-protoporphyrin IX (heme),
which play key roles in photosynthesis and respiration. Other
chapters consider the syntheses of chiral porphyrin derivatives and
summarize the uses of such compounds in enantioselective control.
This book discusses as well the reactivity and synthesis of
synthetic carbine metalloporphyrins. The final chapter deals with
the B12-coenzymes, which is the most complex and physiologically
important organometallic enzymatic reactions that directly depend
on the reactivity of metal coordinated organic ligands. This book
is a valuable resource for research scientists, clinicians, and
engineers.
The Porphyrin Handbook, Volume 16: Phthalocyanines: Spectroscopic
and Electrochemical Characterization provides information pertinent
to every aspect of the chemistry, synthesis, spectroscopy, and
structure of phthalocyanines. This book examines the biology and
medical implications of porphyrin systems. Organized into five
chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the photophysical
properties of phthalocyanines that are important in relation to
photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy, photoconductor, solar
cells, and artificial photosynthesis. This text then describe how
the data obtained from magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy has
provided the critical information required to describe the excited
and ground state degeneracies of main group metallophthalocyanines
complexes. Other chapters consider the electrocatalysis by
electrodes modified with phthalocyanine sensors and complexes. This
book discusses as well the properties of phthalocyanines and of
their complexes. The final chapter deals with the experiments with
organic pigment thin films. This book is a valuable resource for
research scientists, engineers, and clinicians.
The Porphyrin Handbook, Volume 18: Multiporphyrins,
Multiphthalocyanines and Arrays provides information pertinent to
every aspect of the chemistry, synthesis, spectroscopy, and
structure of phthalocyanines. This book examines the biology and
medical implications of porphyrin systems. Organized into five
chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the results
obtained in the research concerning the properties and formation of
a class of metal phthalocyanine derivatives containing of two
macrocyclic units. This text then examines the luminescence and
photophysical data of multiporphyrin systems in which the
chromophore centers are held together by weak, medium, or strong
bonding interactions. Other chapters consider the intensive
electronic absorption and circular dichroism properties of chiral
phthalocyanines. This book discusses as well the chemistry
porphyrin and corrin systems. The final chapter deals with
geoporphyrins or sedimentary porphyrins, which are the most
abundant porphyrin derivatives on earth. This book is a valuable
resource for research scientists, engineers, and clinicians.
The Porphyrin Handbook, Volume 17: Phthalocyanines: Properties and
Materials provides information pertinent to every aspect of the
chemistry, synthesis, spectroscopy, and structure of
phthalocyanines. This book examines the biology and medical
implications of porphyrin systems. Organized into five chapters,
this volume begins with an overview of the effects of pressure,
temperature, electromagnetic radiation, and particle impact on
phthalocyanines. This text then examines. Other chapters consider
the research on phthalocyanine thin films, with emphasis on studies
that are concerned primarily with film structures. This book
discusses as well the nature of the phthalocyanine aggregation
process, how an aggregate is defined, and the issues of its bonding
and structure. The final chapter deals with the advances in the
design of composites of phthalocyanines or porphyrins and inorganic
hosts and some of the most significant finding in the catalysis
with these systems. This book is a valuable resource for research
scientists, engineers, and clinicians.
Research in the area of porphyrins, phthalocyanines and related
macrocycles continues to expand at a phenomenal rate with literally
thousands of original articles being published every year in the
fields of chemistry, physics, biology, material science and
photodynamic therapy. The current volume comprehensively summarizes
key aspects involved in the synthesis, characterization and use of
these compounds, as well as computational methodologies for the
design of novel tetrapyrroles whose structural and electronic
properties are described. Each chapter is authored by an expert or
group of experts in the field who were asked to write 'a review for
the ages' and we anticipate that what is written in this volume
will remain relevant for at least the next 15 years, and possibly
longer.This volume should be considered as required reading for
both new and experienced researchers in a number of sub-disciplines
where tetrapyrroles are studied or utilized in a variety of
applications. A complete understanding of the chemistry of these
compounds necessitates not only a knowledge of what has been
accomplished in the area of synthesis and characterization but also
a knowledge of what is possible in the future when using porphyrins
and related tetrapyrroles as key components for applications in
catalysis, energy production and biomedical applications.
Volume 45 in the highly successful series Handbook of Porphyrin
Science presents three very informative chapters of significant
topical interest to researchers in the broad field of porphyrin
science. The first chapter (Chapter 215) systematically describes
in great detail the many synthetic methods utilized for the
preparation of both metal-free and metallo-phthalocyanines. In the
second chapter (Chapter 216), new developments in the synthesis,
structure, and circular dichroism of chiral porphyrin systems are
discussed in depth. The third and final chapter in this volume
(Chapter 217) describes up-to-date advances in the use of
computational methodology for the design and synthesis of
functionally useful tetrapyrroles such as phthalocyanines,
porphyrins and 9. The volume concludes with a useful comprehensive
index.The overall emphasis of Volume 45 of the Handbook of
Porphyrin Science series, centers on synthetic methodology and
processes, with a diversion in Chapter 217 to include predictive
computational methodology, and in Chapter 216 to address the
importance of chirality in tetrapyrrole systems. All three chapters
will be of interest to researchers in the field and should provide
powerful tools for anyone involved in the chemistry of
phthalocyanines, porphyrins and related systems.
This is the fourth set of Handbook of Porphyrin Science.Porphyrins,
phthalocyanines and their numerous analogues and derivatives are
materials of tremendous importance in chemistry, materials science,
physics, biology and medicine. They are the red color in blood
(heme) and the green in leaves (chlorophyll); they are also
excellent ligands that can coordinate with almost every metal in
the Periodic Table. Grounded in natural systems, porphyrins are
incredibly versatile and can be modified in many ways; each new
modification yields derivatives, demonstrating new chemistry,
physics and biology, with a vast array of medicinal and technical
applications.As porphyrins are currently employed as platforms for
study of theoretical principles and applications in a wide variety
of fields, the Handbook of Porphyrin Science represents a timely
ongoing series dealing in detail with the synthesis, chemistry,
physicochemical and medical properties and applications of
polypyrrole macrocycles. Professors Karl Kadish, Kevin Smith and
Roger Guilard are internationally recognized experts in the
research field of porphyrins, each having his own separate area of
expertise in the field. Between them, they have published over 1500
peer-reviewed papers and edited more than three dozen books on
diverse topics of porphyrins and phthalocyanines. In assembling the
new volumes of this unique handbook, they have selected and
attracted the very best scientists in each sub-discipline as
contributing authors.This handbook will prove to be a modern
authoritative treatise on the subject as it is a collection of
up-to-date works by world-renowned experts in the field. Complete
with hundreds of figures, tables and structural formulas, and
thousands of literature citations, all researchers and graduate
students in this field will find the Handbook of Porphyrin Science
an essential, major reference source for many years to come.
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