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What attracts women to far-right movements that appear to denigrate
their rights? This question has vexed feminist scholars for decades
and has led to many lively debates in the academy. In this context,
during the 1980s, the study of women, gender, and fascism in
twentieth-century Europe took off, pioneered by historians such as
Claudia Koonz and Victoria de Grazia. This volume makes an exciting
contribution to the evolving body of work based upon these earlier
studies, bringing emerging scholarship on Central and Eastern
Europe alongside that of more established Western European
historiography on the topic. Women, Gender and Fascism in Europe,
1919-45 features fourteen essays covering Serbia, Croatia,
Yugoslavia, Romania, Hungary, Latvia, and Poland in addition to
Germany, Italy, France, Spain, and Britain, and a conclusion that
pulls together a European-wide perspective. As a whole, the volume
provides a compelling comparative examination of this important
topic through current research, literature reviews, and dialogue
with existing debates. The essays cast new light on questions such
as women's responsibility for the collapse of democracy in interwar
Europe, the interaction between the women's movement and the
extreme right, and the relationships between conceptions of
national identity and gender. -- .
The essays in this book concern manifestations of political
violence in the democracies of interwar Europe. While research in
this area usually focuses on the countries that fell to fascism,
the authors demonstrate that violence remained a part of political
competition in the democratic regimes of Western Europe too.
This book examines comparatively how the writing of history by
individuals and groups, historians, politicians and journalists has
been used to "legitimate" the nation-state agianst socialist,
communist and catholic internationalism in the modern era. Covering
the whole of Western Europe, the book includes discussion of:
* history as legitimation in post-revolutionary France
* unity and confederation in the Italian Risorgimento
* German historians as critics of Prussian conservatism
* right-wing history writing in France between the wars
* British historiography from Macauley to Trevelyan
* the search for national identity in the reunified Germany.
The third edition of Writing History provides students and teachers
with a comprehensive overview of how the study of history is
informed by a broader intellectual and analytical framework,
exploring the emergence and development of history as a discipline
and the major theoretical developments that have informed
historical writing. Instead of focusing on theory, this book offers
succinct explanations of key concepts that illuminate the study of
history and practical writing, and demonstrates the ways they have
informed practical work. This fully revised new edition
comprehensively rewrites and updates original chapters but also
includes new features such as: - new chapters on postcolonial,
environmental and transnational history; - chapter introductions
setting them within the context of historiography; - a new
substantive introduction from the editors, providing a useful
road-map for students; - an expanded glossary. In its new
incarnation Writing History is, more than ever, an invaluable
introduction to the central debates that have shaped history.
What is fascism? Is it revolutionary? Or is it reactionary? Can it
be both? Fascism is notoriously hard to define. How do we make
sense of an ideology that appeals to streetfighters and
intellectuals alike? That is overtly macho in style, yet attracts
many women? That calls for a return to tradition while maintaining
a fascination with technology? And that preaches violence in the
name of an ordered society? In the new edition of this Very Short
Introduction, Kevin Passmore brilliantly unravels the paradoxes of
one of the most important phenomena in the modern world-tracing its
origins in the intellectual, political, and social crises of the
late nineteenth century, the rise of fascism following World War I,
including fascist regimes in Italy and Germany, and the fortunes of
'failed' fascist movements in Eastern Europe, Spain, and the
Americas. He also considers fascism in culture, the new interest in
transnational research, and the progress of the far right since
2002. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from
Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every
subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get
ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts,
analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make
interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
The third edition of Writing History provides students and teachers
with a comprehensive overview of how the study of history is
informed by a broader intellectual and analytical framework,
exploring the emergence and development of history as a discipline
and the major theoretical developments that have informed
historical writing. Instead of focusing on theory, this book offers
succinct explanations of key concepts that illuminate the study of
history and practical writing, and demonstrates the ways they have
informed practical work. This fully revised new edition
comprehensively rewrites and updates original chapters but also
includes new features such as: - new chapters on postcolonial,
environmental and transnational history; - chapter introductions
setting them within the context of historiography; - a new
substantive introduction from the editors, providing a useful
road-map for students; - an expanded glossary. In its new
incarnation Writing History is, more than ever, an invaluable
introduction to the central debates that have shaped history.
The Right in France from the Third Republic to Vichy provides a new
history of parliamentary conservatism and the extreme right in
France during the successive crises of the years from 1870 to 1945.
In it, Kevin Passmore charts royalist opposition to the newly
established Republic, the emergence of the nationalist extreme
right in the 1890s, and the parallel development of republican
conservatism. He moves on to the hitherto unstudied story of
conservatism in during the Great War, and then to the Right's
victory in the 1919 elections. Passmore charts the crisis of
parliamentary conservatism in the interwar years, and explores the
Right's response to the rise of Fascism and Communism. He concludes
by placing the Vichy regime, which governed France under the German
Occupation, in the context of the history of conservative politics.
This history is related to the struggle of those who saw themselves
as 'elites' to preserve their leadership in the 'age of the
masses'. Passmore shows that conservatives of all stripes shared a
common culture (notably including organicism and crowd theory), but
that different factions used these ideas in different ways, for
different purposes. Whereas previous studies have been primarily
concerned to 'categorize' conservatives groups, for example as
'fascist',' liberal', or 'modern', this study examines the way in
which competing groups used such terms in complex struggles amongst
themselves and with the left. The study is based on considerable
archival research, as well as on knowledge of the vast body of
recently published research in English and French.
The Croix de Feu and its successor the Parti social français stood at the center of the political conflict in the final years of the French Third Republic and were widely regarded as the counterpart of fascism in Germany and Italy. Only recently has the view that fascism also has roots in France become a serious topic for debate. From Liberalism to Fascism is based largely on archival research and places French fascism in the wider context of the history of French conservatism. Received views of French social and economic structures are also overturned.
The Croix de Feu and its successor the Parti Social Francais stood
at the centre of political conflict in the turbulent final years of
the French Third Republic. Membership peaked at 750,000 in 1937,
and at the time the movement was widely regarded as the counterpart
of fascism in Germany and Italy. However, only recently has the
view that fascism also has roots in France become a serious topic
for debate. From Liberalism to Fascism is based largely on archival
research, and shows that contemporary perceptions of the Croix de
Feu and the PSF as fascist were in fact correct. Dr Passmore places
French fascism in the wider context of the history of French
conservatism through a micro-study of a crisis of the
liberal-conservative tradition in Lyon. This 1997 book was the
first to place the emergence of French fascism in the wider
political and social context. In the process, received views of the
nature of French society and politics are contested.
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