The international trade in plants is growing steadily as the worldwide demand for natural and botanical raw materials increases. Customers value natural products and botanicals as "green" alternatives-safer ingredients for their families which also represent an environmentally and socially responsible choice for the planet. In order to build assurance into the sourcing of natural ingredients, R&D organizations must have valid scientific matrices to authenticate the quality of those ingredients, provide traceability, and minimize risk. An assemblage of insight from expert contributors, Botanicals: Methods and Techniques for Quality & Authenticity compiles a range of methods and techniques that can be used to help guide quality and authenticity determinations. Topics include: Metabolic profiling, authentication of botanicals by morphology, and genetic methods of botanical authentication Tools for building models for the authentication of materials How multivariate statistics can play a role in determining botanical quality and authenticity Radiocarbon and stable isotope ratio analysis and emerging stable isotope tools NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, NIR (near-infrared), and HPTLC (high-performance thin-layer chromatography) methods for analysis The use of electronic sensing instruments and applications for analysis The contributors also discuss the challenge of identifying a botanical extract or preparation on the basis of its chemical content and discuss quality issues faced by botanicals used as cosmetic ingredients. The book provides you with a range of traditional, taxonomic, and newer analytical tools to assure the quality, authenticity, and traceability of botanical raw materials for dietary supplements, cosmetics, and natural products research.

Processing Technology for Bio-Based Polymers: Advanced Strategies and Practical Aspects brings together the latest advances and novel technologies surrounding the synthesis and manufacture of biopolymers, ranging from bio-based polymers to synthetic polymers from bio-derived monomers. Sections examine bio-based polymer chemistry, discuss polymerization process and emerging design technologies, cover manufacturing and processing approaches, explain cutting-edge approaches and innovative applications, and focus on biomedicals and other key application areas. Final chapters provide detailed discussion and an analysis of economic and environmental concerns, practical considerations, challenges, opportunities and future trends. This is a valuable resource for researchers, scientists and advanced students in polymer science, bio-based materials, nanomaterials, plastics engineering, biomaterials, chemistry, biotechnology, and materials science and engineering, as well as R&D professionals, engineers and industrialists interested in the development of biopolymers for advanced products and applications.

The international trade in plants is growing steadily as the worldwide demand for natural and botanical raw materials increases. Customers value natural products and botanicals as "green" alternatives-safer ingredients for their families which also represent an environmentally and socially responsible choice for the planet. In order to build assurance into the sourcing of natural ingredients, R&D organizations must have valid scientific matrices to authenticate the quality of those ingredients, provide traceability, and minimize risk. An assemblage of insight from expert contributors, Botanicals: Methods and Techniques for Quality & Authenticity compiles a range of methods and techniques that can be used to help guide quality and authenticity determinations. Topics include: Metabolic profiling, authentication of botanicals by morphology, and genetic methods of botanical authentication Tools for building models for the authentication of materials How multivariate statistics can play a role in determining botanical quality and authenticity Radiocarbon and stable isotope ratio analysis and emerging stable isotope tools NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, NIR (near-infrared), and HPTLC (high-performance thin-layer chromatography) methods for analysis The use of electronic sensing instruments and applications for analysis The contributors also discuss the challenge of identifying a botanical extract or preparation on the basis of its chemical content and discuss quality issues faced by botanicals used as cosmetic ingredients. The book provides you with a range of traditional, taxonomic, and newer analytical tools to assure the quality, authenticity, and traceability of botanical raw materials for dietary supplements, cosmetics, and natural products research.

Algae Based Polymers, Blends, and Composites: Chemistry, Biotechnology and Material Sciences offers considerable detail on the origin of algae, extraction of useful metabolites and major compounds from algal bio-mass, and the production and future prospects of sustainable polymers derived from algae, blends of algae, and algae based composites. Characterization methods and processing techniques for algae-based polymers and composites are discussed in detail, enabling researchers to apply the latest techniques to their own work. The conversion of bio-mass into high value chemicals, energy, and materials has ample financial and ecological importance, particularly in the era of declining petroleum reserves and global warming. Algae are an important source of biomass since they flourish rapidly and can be cultivated almost everywhere. At present the majority of naturally produced algal biomass is an unused resource and normally is left to decompose. Similarly, the use of this enormous underexploited biomass is mainly limited to food consumption and as bio-fertilizer. However, there is an opportunity here for materials scientists to explore its potential as a feedstock for the production of sustainable materials.

Eyes on The Road: Traffic Police Assistant In this book you shall you shall find detail working of a system which is developed for the Law Enforcement agencies. The system will involve a camera attached to a laptop in the car. The camera scans the license plates of cars and checks from the database details of that particular car. Along with it is an interactive website for the officers to check the violation history of the driver, person details and car details. This system also accompanies the short messaging service for the officers on the field to get the details of a car or a person. For this an SMS server is established, details regarding this are explained in the book. This book is highly recommended for students.

Education is the most vital tool for national uplift. Those having achieved thrill in it have become leaders of the world. Unlike them Bangladesh and Pakistan are backward vis-a-vis even other SAARC countries. Yet Bangladesh has offered a unique microfinance system and Pakistan stands against the tide of world terrorism. So, they deserve help. But before granting such aid the dirty political factors need exposure. A search has been initiated in this regard. The education juggernauts in Pakistan in particular are in deep slumber and private parties have free hand to treat the system as business venture. There seems none to resist it. Again, feudalism is jamming the wheels of literacy. However, there exists some kind of system in Bangladesh with, of course, loopholes intact. The study has picked the owners, managing committee members and teachers for scrutiny and finally solved the riddle why literacy graph remains low there. The study has the ingredients to change the education system in this part of the world, commented a US Varsity Professor. It will, therefore, attract educationists, govt. functionaries, Varsity teachers, philanthropists, civil society and researchers as a whole."

The emphasis on the theoretical study and simulation of the three phase induction motor drives is certainly due to the fact of fatal hazards associated with the high voltage and current signals present in the three phase induction motor drives. Other important feature is the cost of a full-scale drive system to test various switching, control and protection strategies. Therefore, design stage comes after a reasonable confidence and verification of the drive circuit and control strategies through simulations. In this work, a laboratory-scale low-voltage induction motor drive is designed which operates at 24 volts, accompanying with the simulations using Matlab and Simulink.

Design and implementation of fuzzy logic controller for mobile robot navigation in unknown environments is presented. The task of navigation is divided into three behaviors namely hurdle avoidance, wall following and goal seeking. The outputs from these behaviors are combined to generate collision free motion of robot amongst obstacles in reaching the target. The controllers for these behaviors are designed using Fuzzy Logic toolbox of MATLAB(r) and their implementation is realized with readily available and inexpensive AT89C52 microcontrollers. Finally, the robot with these controllers is tested in indoor environments containing obstacles with changing destination places and is found to reach the set targets successfully which shows the validity of the designed controllers in achieving the required task.

The dog is globally recognized as the man's first domesticated animal because of its fidelity, loyalty, obedience and pleasant disposition. Since the beginning of human civilization, they have been bred and selected for different purposes like guards, sports and reserve of wounded humans. Helminthes are classified into tapeworms (cestodes), roundworm and trematodes (flukes). Helminthiasis is one of the most important animal diseases worldwide, resulting great production and health losses in animals. Among the dogs, roundworms are active in the intestines of puppies, often causing a pot-bellied appearance and poor growth. The worms may be seen in vomit or stool; a severe infestation can cause death by intestinal blockage.

The purpose of this study was to know the perceptions of LIS professionals regarding advantages, disadvantages, problems, needs, requirements and suggestions about the digital libraries in Pakistan. To attain this objective the researchers adopted a multi-phase research process. In the first phase, a literature review was conducted. In the second phase, data were collected from the LIS professionals through interviews. Participants were selected based on their professional knowledge, skills and work regarding library automation and the use of digital libraries. Data were collected from 20 experts. The interviews were recorded with the help of MP3 player. The data collected through the interviews was analyzed in the next phase. This study found that digital libraries had a lot of advantages. Digital libraries were very useful especially for researchers. But in Pakistan it was still a complex entity and there was need of training, orientation and guidance to LIS professionals in this regard.

The study proposes an Alternative Funding Model (AFM) for libraries. To achieve this objective a multi-phase research process was adopted. In the first phase, a literature review was conducted. Based on this data collection instruments were developed. In the second phase, a survey of libraries was conducted and LIS experts were interviewed. Based on the findings of the previous two phases, an Alternative Funding Model (AFM) was developed and validated from LIS experts. The AFM demands an over-hauling of the library system as no fundraising model can succeed in any society unless the image of library is changed to be commensurate with the needs of information society. Based on general systems theory the AFM proposes special inputs, processes and feedback mechanism to get effective outputs. Alternative funding for libraries, according to the Model, revolves around two types of activities: (a) Fee-based services, and (b) Fundraising. Leadership skills of library staff and the use of modern information technology in libraries can play a vital role in the success of the proposed AFM.