A history of U.S. Civil War monuments that shows how they distort history and perpetuate white supremacy The United States began as a slave society, holding millions of Africans and their descendants in bondage, and remained so until a civil war took the lives of a half million soldiers, some once slaves themselves. Standing Soldiers, Kneeling Slaves explores how the history of slavery and its violent end was told in public spaces-specifically in the sculptural monuments that came to dominate streets, parks, and town squares in nineteenth-century America. Looking at monuments built and unbuilt, Kirk Savage shows how the greatest era of monument building in American history took place amid struggles over race, gender, and collective memory. Standing Soldiers, Kneeling Slaves probes a host of fascinating questions and remains the only sustained investigation of post-Civil War monument building as a process of national and racial definition. Featuring a new preface by the author that reflects on recent events surrounding the meaning of these monuments, and new photography and illustrations throughout, this new and expanded edition reveals how monuments exposed the myth of a "united" people, and have only become more controversial with the passage of time.

The National Mall in Washington, D.C., is 'a great public space, as essential a part of the American landscape as the Grand Canyon,' according to architecture critic Paul Goldberger, but few realize how recent, fragile, and contested this achievement is. In "Monument Wars", Kirk Savage tells the Mall's engrossing story - its historic plan, the structures that populate its corridors, and the sea change it reveals regarding national representation. Central to this narrative is a dramatic shift from the nineteenth-century concept of a decentralized landscape, or 'ground'-heroic statues spread out in traffic circles and picturesque parks-to the twentieth-century ideal of 'space,' in which authority is concentrated in an intensified center, and the monument is transformed from an object of reverence to a space of experience. Savage's lively and intelligent analysis traces the refocusing of the monuments themselves, from that of a single man, often on horseback, to commemorations of common soldiers or citizens; and, from monuments that celebrate victory and heroism to memorials honoring victims. An indispensable guide to the National Mall, "Monument Wars" provides a fresh and fascinating perspective on over two hundred years of American history.

This practical book is designed to assist teachers in structuring their learning practice. The framework of four basic and proven steps - Preparation, Learning Sequence, Authentic Application, and New Thinking - can be used at any level, for any subject, and for learning applications from lessons to unit plans. Combining the best research on how we learn with practical lesson exemplars, the PLAN process encourages and supports goal setting, student engagement, and transformational learning.

The ANIE (Assessment of Numeracy for Education) is a teacher-developed assessment tool that uses numeracy and common core performance standards to assess student understanding of math concepts. This simple diagnostic tool helps teachers identify gaps in learning so they can plan intervention. It takes about 10 minutes to administer, grading is relatively quick and most important, teachers can use the results to plan timely and targeted intervention. This remarkable book introduces a powerful assessment tool and intervention strategies that are remarkably simple yet revolutionary in their impact on student learning. Based on extensive use in hundreds of classrooms, the book explains each component of the ANIE. It shares proven techniques for introducing the ANIE to students, grading and interpreting the results to inform teaching and learning. This highly-readable book uses real situations and results throughout the book to illustrate radical improvements in leaning that the ANIE has inspired. The ANIE helps students master a consistent, 4-step process for solving any math question: decide what operation is needed to solve a question estimate a reasonable answer calculate the answer represent the question and apply the concept to a real world situation by developing a world problem. Designed for students in grades 1 through 12, the ANIE is a one-page assessment of a single learning outcome or standard. Complex enough to fully align with performance standards, it is simple enough to use as a learning tool every day. Accessible to all teachers, whether they are generalists or math specialists, The ANIE gives teachers the tools they need to actively engage students in making meaning for themselves and connecting math concepts they are learning to their own lives.