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For three centuries, the Vikings changed the political world of
northern and western Europe. This encyclopedia explores exactly how
they did it in a highly readable and informative resource volume.
How did the Vikings know when to strike? What were their military
strengths? Who were their leaders? What was the impact of their
raids? These and many more questions are answered in this volume,
which will benefit students and general readers alike. The only
encyclopedia devoted specifically to the topic of conflict,
invasions, and raids in the Viking Age, this book presents detailed
coverage of the Vikings, who are infamous for their violent
marauding across Europe during the early Middle Ages. Featuring
extracts of poetry and prose from the Viking Age, the book provides
cultural context in addition to an in-depth analysis of Viking
military practices. Features four introductory essays covering such
topics as Viking weaponry, home life, and exploration Includes
sidebars that present excerpts from Viking poetry as well as
personal accounts from historical figures who witnessed Viking
military engagements Provides easy access to details about
individual warlords, specific battles, and specific raids Focuses
almost exclusively on conflicts, raids, and invasions at a time
when research on the Vikings has taken an apologist approach
An illuminating presentation of daily life in Viking-era
Scandinavia Though infamous for their violent marauding, Vikings
were but one part of the complex Scandinavian culture from which
they emerged. This excellent and intimate study goes beyond the
rumours of the fury of the Northmen, into the realities of the
greater Scandinavian community, and is ideal for readers who want
to discover the everyday details of living in this dynamic time and
place. What were Viking families like? How were slaves treated?
Were older people treated well, or regarded with contempt? Exactly
how did they manage to travel as far afield as Baghdad and
Greenland? Author Kirsten Wolf answers all these questions and many
more in this highly readable and informative volume. The work is
organized into chapters covering all aspects of life: domestic,
economic, intellectual, material, political, recreational, and
religious. It includes a historical timeline of Viking history,
complementary pictures, illustrations, and maps, and a
bibliography. reality of Viking life behind the image of violent
marauders Will appeal to both students and general readers, as
Vikings are an ever-popular subject
First published in 1993, Medieval Scandinavia: An Encyclopedia
covers every aspect of the region during the Middle Ages, including
rulers and saints, overviews of the countries, religion, education,
politics and law, culture and material life, history, literature,
and art. Written by a team of expert contributors, the encyclopedia
offers those who lack command of the various Scandinavian languages
a basic tool for the study of Medieval Scandinavia from roughly the
Migration Period to the Reformation. With full-page maps, useful
supplementary photos, cross-references and a comprehensive index,
this work will be a valuable and absorbing volume for students of
the Norse sagas, the Viking age, and Old English history and
literature, and for anyone interested in the cultural and
historical heritage of Scandinavia.
First published in 1993, Medieval Scandinavia: An Encyclopedia
covers every aspect of the region during the Middle Ages, including
rulers and saints, overviews of the countries, religion, education,
politics and law, culture and material life, history, literature,
and art. Written by a team of expert contributors, the encyclopedia
offers those who lack command of the various Scandinavian languages
a basic tool for the study of Medieval Scandinavia from roughly the
Migration Period to the Reformation. With full-page maps, useful
supplementary photos, cross-references and a comprehensive index,
this work will be a valuable and absorbing volume for students of
the Norse sagas, the Viking age, and Old English history and
literature, and for anyone interested in the cultural and
historical heritage of Scandinavia.
A Cultural History of Color in the Renaissance covers the period
1400 to 1650, a time of change, conflict, and transformation.
Innovations in color production transformed the material world of
the Renaissance, especially in ceramics, cloth, and paint.
Collectors across Europe prized colorful objects such as feathers
and gemstones as material illustrations of foreign lands. The
advances in technology and the increasing global circulation of
colors led to new color terms enriching language. Color shapes an
individual's experience of the world and also how society gives
particular spaces, objects, and moments meaning. The 6 volume set
of the Cultural History of Color examines how color has been
created, traded, used, and interpreted over the last 5000 years.
The themes covered in each volume are color philosophy and science;
color technology and trade; power and identity; religion and
ritual; body and clothing; language and psychology; literature and
the performing arts; art; architecture and interiors; and
artefacts. Amy Buono is Assistant Professor at the Wilkinson
College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences at Chapman
University , USA. Sven Dupre is Professor of History of Art,
Science and Technology at Utrecht University and the University of
Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Volume 3 in the Cultural History of
Color set. General Editors: Carole P. Biggam and Kirsten Wolf
A Cultural History of Color in the Age of Industry covers the
period 1800 to 1920, when the world embraced color like never
before. Inventions, such as steam power, lithography, photography,
electricity, motor cars, aviation, and cheaper color printing, all
contributed to a new exuberance about color. Available pigments and
colored products - made possible by new technologies, industrial
manufacturing, commercialization, and urbanization - also greatly
increased, as did illustrated printed literature for the mass
market. Color, both literally and metaphorically, was splashed
around, and became an expressive tool for artists, designers, and
writers. Color shapes an individual's experience of the world and
also how society gives particular spaces, objects, and moments
meaning. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Color examines
how color has been created, traded, used, and interpreted over the
last 5000 years. The themes covered in each volume are color
philosophy and science; color technology and trade; power and
identity; religion and ritual; body and clothing; language and
psychology; literature and the performing arts; art; architecture
and interiors; and artefacts. Alexandra Loske is Curator at the
Royal Pavilion and Museums, Brighton, UK Volume 5 in the Cultural
History of Color set. General Editors: Carole P. Biggam and Kirsten
Wolf
This book explores 11 popular misconceptions about the Vikings.
Each chapter looks at a particular misconception, examines how it
became popular, discusses what we now believe to be the truth, and
provides excerpts from primary source documents. When people think
of the Vikings, they often envision marauding barbarians who lived
violent lives. While a number of mistaken beliefs about the Vikings
have become engrained in popular culture, they are not grounded in
historical facts. This book examines popular misconceptions related
to the Vikings and the historical truths that contradict the
fictions. The book discusses 11 mistaken notions about the Vikings,
with each fiction treated in its own chapter. Topics include
whether the Vikings wore horned helmets, whether they were
unhygienic, whether they had primitive weapons, whether they drank
out of skull cups, and more. Each chapter examines how the
misconception proliferated and discusses what we now believe to be
the facts contradicting the fictions. Excerpts from primary source
documents help readers to understand how the misconceptions came to
be throughout history and provide evidence for the historical
truths.
A Cultural History of Color in the Age of Enlightenment covers the
period 1650 to 1800. From the Baroque to the Neo-classical, color
transformed art, architecture, ceramics, jewelry, and glass.
Newton, using a prism, demonstrated the seven separate hues, which
encouraged the development of color wheels and tables, and the
increased standardization of color names. Technological advances in
color printing resulted in superb maps and anatomical and botanical
images. Identity and wealth were signalled with color, in uniforms,
flags, and fashion. And the growth of empires, trade, and slavery
encouraged new ideas about color. Color shapes an individual's
experience of the world and also how society gives particular
spaces, objects, and moments meaning. The 6 volume set of the
Cultural History of Color examines how color has been created,
traded, used, and interpreted over the last 5000 years. The themes
covered in each volume are color philosophy and science; color
technology and trade; power and identity; religion and ritual; body
and clothing; language and psychology; literature and the
performing arts; art; architecture and interiors; and artefacts.
Carole P. Biggam is Honorary Senior Research Fellow in English
Language and Linguistics at the University of Glasgow, UK. Kirsten
Wolf is Professor of Old Norse and Scandinavian Linguistics at the
University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. Volume 4 in the Cultural
History of Color set. General Editors: Carole P. Biggam and Kirsten
Wolf
A Cultural History of Color in the Medieval Age covers the period
500 to 1400. The medieval age saw an extraordinary burst of color -
from illuminated manuscripts and polychrome sculpture to
architecture and interiors, and from enamelled and jewelled
metalwork to colored glass and the exquisite decoration of
artefacts. Color was used to denote affiliation in heraldry and
social status in medieval clothes. Color names were created in
various languages and their resonance explored in poems, romances,
epics, and plays. And, whilst medieval philosophers began to
explain the rainbow, theologians and artists developed a color
symbolism for both virtues and vices. Color shapes an individual's
experience of the world and also how society gives particular
spaces, objects, and moments meaning. The 6 volume set of the
Cultural History of Color examines how color has been created,
traded, used, and interpreted over the last 5000 years. The themes
covered in each volume are color philosophy and science; color
technology and trade; power and identity; religion and ritual; body
and clothing; language and psychology; literature and the
performing arts; art; architecture and interiors; and artefacts.
Carole P. Biggam is Honorary Senior Research Fellow in English
Language and Linguistics at the University of Glasgow, UK. Kirsten
Wolf is Professor of Old Norse and Scandinavian Linguistics at the
University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. Volume 2 in the Cultural
History of Color set. General Editors: Carole P. Biggam and Kirsten
Wolf
A Cultural History of Color in the Modern Age covers the period
1920 to the present, a time of extraordinary developments in colour
science, philosophy, art, design and technologies. The expansion of
products produced with synthetic dyes was accelerated by mass
consumerism as artists, designers, architects, writers, theater and
filmmakers made us a 'color conscious' society. This influenced
what we wore, how we chose to furnish and decorate our homes, and
how we responded to the vibrancy and chromatic eclecticism of
contemporary visual cultures.The volume brings together research on
how philosophers, scientists, linguists and artists debated color's
polyvalence, its meaning to different cultures, and how it could be
measured, manufactured, manipulated and enjoyed. Color shapes an
individual's experience of the world and also how society gives
particular spaces, objects, and moments meaning. The 6 volume set
of the Cultural History of Color examines how color has been
created, traded, used, and interpreted over the last 5000 years.
The themes covered in each volume are color philosophy and science;
color technology and trade; power and identity; religion and
ritual; body and clothing; language and psychology; literature and
the performing arts; art; architecture and interiors; and
artefacts. Anders Steinvall is Senior Lecturer in English
Linguistics at Umea University, Sweden. Sarah Street is Professor
of Film at the University of Bristol, UK. Volume 6 in the Cultural
History of Color set. General Editors: Carole P. Biggam and Kirsten
Wolf
An examination of hagiographical traditions and their impact.
Icelanders venerated numerous saints, both indigenous and from
overseas, in the Middle Ages. However, although its literary elite
was well acquainted with contemporary Continental currents in
hagiographic compositions, theological discussions, and worship
practices, much of the history of the learned European networks
through which the Icelandic cult of the saints developed and
partially survived the Lutheran Reformation remains obscure. The
essays collected in this volume address this lacuna by exploring
the legacies of the cult of some of the most prominent saints and
holy men in medieval Iceland (the Virgin Mary along with SS Agnes
of Rome, Benedict of Nursia, Catherine of Alexandria, Dominic of
Caleruega, Michael the Archangel, Jon of Holar, THorlakr of
Skalholt, Larentius of Holar, and Gudmundr the Good), using
evidence drawn from Old Norse-Icelandic and Latin hagiographic
literature, homilies, prayers, diplomas, sacred art, place-names,
and church dedications. By placing the medieval Icelandic cult of
the saints within its wider European context, the contributions
trace new historical routes of cultural transmission and define the
creative processes of the accommodation and adaptation of foreign
hagiographic sources and models in medieval and early modern
Iceland. They provide a clear picture of an Icelandic hagiographic
literature and culture that celebrates the splendour of the saints;
they also show how an engaging literary genre, which became
immensely popular on the island throughout the Middle Ages and
beyond, was created.
The Saints in Old Norse and Early Modern Icelandic Poetry is a
complimentary volume to The Legends of the Saints in Old
Norse-Icelandic Prose (UTP 2013). While its predecessor dealt
primarily with medieval prose texts about the saints, this volume
not only focuses on medieval poems about saints but also on
Icelandic devotional poetry created during the early modern period.
The handlist organizes saints' names, manuscripts, and editions of
individual poems with references to approximate dates of the
manuscripts, as well as modern Icelandic editions and translations.
Each entry concludes with secondary literature about the poem in
question. These features combine to make The Saints in Old Norse
and Early Modern Icelandic Poetry an invaluable resource for
scholars and students in the field.
Islandica LIV"The world of romance, whether secular or sacred, is
often fraught with difficulties. Lovers are parted and have to
struggle to be reunited, monsters or evil stepmothers have to be
defeated, and the strength of one's devotion to God or the Virgin
Mary has to be demonstrated. Scholars of medieval romance
themselves often encounter a thicket of theoretical or philological
thorns to wade through, but as all lovers of a good romance know,
the protagonist is always rewarded for his or her kindness, wit,
hard work, and perseverance." from Romance and Love in Late
Medieval and Early Modern IcelandMarianne Kalinke, who retired from
the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in May 2006, made
profound contributions in Old Norse-Icelandic literature over her
distinguished career of teaching and writing. She is perhaps best
known for her Bridal-Quest Romance in Medieval Iceland, also in the
Islandica series. This volume in her honor features new essays by
fourteen authors on the theme of Old Norse-Icelandic romance and
love. Several chapters examine love between a man and a woman with
special focus on the ways in which the Sagas of Icelanders differ
from courtly romances; tragic and comic elements of Icelandic tales
of love; and the differing societal roles of women and men. Other
chapters explore the intersection of folklore, mythology, and
romance; the role of dwarfs in fourteenth-century Icelandic
romances; and the characteristics that distinguish heroic epics
from romances. Aspects of love as expressed through religion are
highlighted in chapters on sacred and hagiographic texts. For more
about the Islandica series, visit http:
//cip.cornell.edu/Islandica."
A Cultural History of Color in Antiquity covers the period 3000 BCE
to 500 CE. Although the smooth, white marbles of Classical
sculpture and architecture lull us into thinking that the color
world of the ancient Greeks and Romans was restrained and
monochromatic, nothing could be further from the truth. Classical
archaeologists are rapidly uncovering and restoring the vivid,
polychrome nature of the ancient built environment. At the same
time, new understandings of ancient color cognition and language
have unlocked insights into the ways - often unfamiliar and strange
to us - that ancient peoples thought and spoke about color. Color
shapes an individual's experience of the world and also how society
gives particular spaces, objects, and moments meaning. The 6 volume
set of the Cultural History of Color examines how color has been
created, traded, used, and interpreted over the last 5000 years.
The themes covered in each volume are color philosophy and science;
color technology and trade; power and identity; religion and
ritual; body and clothing; language and psychology; literature and
the performing arts; art; architecture and interiors; and
artefacts. David Wharton is Associate Professor of Classical
Studies at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA.
Volume 1 in the Cultural History of Color set. General Editors:
Carole P. Biggam and Kirsten Wolf
A Cultural History of Color presents a history of 5000 years of
color in western culture. The first systematic and comprehensive
history, the work examines how color has been perceived, developed,
produced and traded, and how it has been used in all aspects of
performance - from the political to the religious to the artistic -
and how it shapes all we see, from food and nature to interiors and
architecture, to objects and art, to fashion and adornment, to the
color of the naked human body, and to the way our minds work and
our languages are created. Chapter titles are identical across each
of the volumes. This gives the choice of reading about a specific
period in one of the volumes, or following a theme across history
by reading the relevant chapter in each of the six. The themes (and
chapter titles) are: Color Philosophy and Science; Color Technology
and Trade; Power and Identity; Religion and Ritual; Body and
Clothing; Language and Psychology; Literature and the Performing
Arts; Art; Architecture and Interiors; Artefacts. The six volumes
cover: 1 – Antiquity (3,000 BCE to 500 CE); 2 – Medieval Age
(500 to 1400); 3 – Renaissance (1400 to 1650); 4 – Age of
Enlightenment (1650 to 1800); 5 – Age of Industry (1800 to 1920);
6 – Modern Age (1920 to the present). The page extent for the
pack is approximately 1760pp. Each volume opens with Notes on
Contributors and an Introduction and concludes with Notes,
Bibliography, and an Index. The Cultural Histories Series A
Cultural History of Color is part of The Cultural Histories Series.
Titles are available as hardcover sets for libraries needing just
one subject or preferring a tangible reference for their shelves or
as part of a fully-searchable digital library. The digital product
is available to institutions by annual subscription or on perpetual
access via www.bloomsburyculturalhistory.com . Individual volumes
for academics and researchers interested in specific historical
periods are also available in print or digitally via
www.bloomsburycollections.com .
The manuscript AM 429 12mo was written c. 1500 for the use of the
nuns at the Benedictine monastery Kirkjubr in southern Iceland,
from which it derives its name, Kirkjubjarbok. The book was
probably made in the nearby Augustine monastery, ykkvibr. It
comprises ten texts that were translations of Latin legends based
on female saints, relating their terrible suffering and later
martyrdom. The majority of the female saints were among the most
venerated in Iceland. The manuscript is beautifully illustrated,
making it unique in an Icelandic context, which may explain why it
survived the Reformation. The text is reproduced in a diplomatic
version, which on the CD-ROM is accompanied by a normalised version
as well as the Latin texts. Kirsten Wolf is Professor of
Scandinavian Languages at the University of Wisconsin-Manitoba.
Saints' legends form a substantial portion of Old Norse-Icelandic
literature, and can be found in more than four hundred manuscripts
or fragments of manuscripts dating from shortly before the twelfth
century to the 1700s. With The Legends of the Saints in Old
Norse-Icelandic Prose, Kirsten Wolf has undertaken a complete
revision of the fifty-year-old handlist The Lives of the Saints in
Old Norse Prose. This updated handlist organizes saints' names,
manuscripts, and editions of individual lives with references to
the approximate dates of the manuscripts, as well as modern
Icelandic editions and translations. Each entry concludes with
secondary literature about the legend in question. These features
combine to make The Legends of the Saints in Old Norse-Icelandic
Prose an invaluable resource for scholars and students in the
field.
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