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Since the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia has
experienced a process of rapid fiscal decentralisation: its 88
regions are now in charge of almost half of total budgetary
expenditure, while an overhaul of the revenue allocation system has
given them substantial control over locally collected revenue.
These regions are highly diverse in climate, natural resources and
economic development, with some much better equipped than others to
adjust to market conditions. Fiscal Federalism in Russia examines
the combined impact of decentralisation and diversity on regional
equality of service provision and in particular the provision of
education. The book begins with an analysis of the system of
intergovernmental transfers and goes on to explore the nature and
extent of disparities in education spending, paying particular
attention to regions where spending has fallen furthest. The book
also contains a case study of the allocation decisions affecting
the education sector within a single region, Novgorod Oblast, in
North-West Russia. Based entirely on field research, the study
provides a rare insight into the decision making process at
regional and local level, as well as an analysis of the extent of
internal revenue and spending disparities. Academics, researchers
and those interested in decentralisation or the economics of
transition will warmly welcome this detailed analysis of the
direction and impact of inter-governmental transfers in Russia.
An authoritative and unflinching analysis of recent approaches to
social policy and their outcomes following the financial crisis,
with particular focus on poverty and inequality. Through a detailed
look at spending, outputs and outcomes the book offers a unique
appraisal of Labour and the coalition's impact as well as an
insightful assessment of future directions.
An authoritative and unflinching analysis of recent approaches to
social policy and their outcomes following the financial crisis,
with particular focus on poverty and inequality. Through a detailed
look at spending, outputs and outcomes the book offers a unique
appraisal of Labour and the coalition's impact as well as an
insightful assessment of future directions.
Early education and care has become a central policy area in many
countries. As services expand rapidly, it is crucial to examine
whether children from disadvantaged backgrounds receive provision
of the highest possible quality. In this original, topical book,
leading experts from eight countries examine how early education
and care is organised, funded and regulated in their countries.
Bringing together recent statistical evidence, the book gives an
up-to-date picture of access to services by different groups,
providing rich insights on how policies play out in practice, and
the extent to which they help or hinder disadvantaged children to
receive high quality provision. An equal start? reveals the common
tensions and complexities countries face in ensuring that early
education and care is affordable, accessible and of high quality.
Its critical examination of the potential for better policies
ensures that An equal start? will be of interest to academic
readers as well as policy makers and practitioners.
Early education and care has become a central policy area in many
countries. As services expand rapidly, it is crucial to examine
whether children from disadvantaged backgrounds receive provision
of the highest possible quality. In this original, topical book,
leading experts from eight countries examine how early education
and care is organised, funded and regulated in their countries.
Bringing together recent statistical evidence, the book gives an
up-to-date picture of access to services by different groups,
providing rich insights on how policies play out in practice, and
the extent to which they help or hinder disadvantaged children to
receive high quality provision. An equal start? reveals the common
tensions and complexities countries face in ensuring that early
education and care is affordable, accessible and of high quality.
Its critical examination of the potential for better policies
ensures that An equal start? will be of interest to academic
readers as well as policy makers and practitioners.
When New Labour came to power in 1997, its leaders asked for it to
be judged after ten years on its success in making Britain 'a more
equal society'. As it approaches the end of an unprecedented third
term in office, this book asks whether Britain has indeed moved in
that direction. The highly successful earlier volume "A more equal
society?" was described by Polly Toynbee as "the LSE's mighty
judgement on inequality". Now this second volume by the same team
of authors provides an independent assessment of the success or
otherwise of New Labour's policies over a longer period. It
provides: * consideration by a range of expert authors of a broad
set of indicators and policy areas affecting poverty, inequality
and social exclusion; * analysis of developments up to the third
term on areas including income inequality, education, employment,
health inequalities, neighbourhoods, minority ethnic groups,
children and older people; * an assessment of outcomes a decade on,
asking whether policies stood up to the challenges, and whether
successful strategies have been sustained or have run out of steam;
chapters on migration, social attitudes, the devolved
administrations, the new Equality and Human Rights Commission, and
future pressures. The book is essential reading for academic and
student audiences with an interest in contemporary social policy,
as well as for all those seeking an objective account of Labour's
achievements in power.
Although it has never declared a comprehensive 'war on poverty',
the Labour Government that took office in 1997 has introduced an
extensive set of measures designed to counter poverty in childhood
and old age and to address individual and area-based social
exclusion. provide an evaluation of Labour policy towards poverty
and social exclusion between 1997 and 2004. It considers the
challenges the government faced, examines the policies that were
chosen and the targets set for them, and assesses results.
education and health, income inequality and political
participation; asks how children, older people, poor
neighbourhoods, ethnic minorities and other vulnerable groups have
fared under New Labour; seeks to assess the government both on its
own terms - in meeting its own targets - and according to
alternative views of social exclusion; daws on the results of
research carried out within the Centre for Analysis of Social
Exclusion (CASE) and on external evaluations. interest in
contemporary social policy, as well as for all those who would like
an objective account of Labour's achievements as it approaches the
end of its second term in office.
When New Labor came to power in 1997, its leaders asked for it to
be judged after ten years on its success in making Britain 'a more
equal society'. As it approaches the end of an unprecedented third
term in office, this book asks whether Britain has indeed moved in
that direction. The highly successful earlier volume "A More Equal
Society" was described by Polly Toynbee as 'the LSE's mighty
judgment on inequality'. Now a second volume by the same team of
authors provides an independent assessment of the success or
otherwise of New Labor's policies over a longer period. It
provides: consideration by a range of expert authors of a broad set
of indicators and policy areas affecting poverty, inequality and
social exclusion; analysis of developments up to the third term on
areas including income inequality, education, employment, health
inequalities, neighborhoods, minority ethnic groups, children and
older people; an assessment of outcomes a decade on, asking whether
policies stood up to the challenges, and whether successful
strategies have been sustained or have run out of steam; chapters
on migration, social attitudes, the devolved administrations, the
new Equality and Human Rights Commission, and future pressures. The
book is essential reading for academic and student audiences with
an interest in contemporary social policy, as well as for all those
seeking an objective account of Labor's achievements in power.
Discussion of convergence in the EU in recent years has centred on
economic indicators related to monetary union and the single
European currency, but it is the convergence of living standards
that is the ultimate goal of European integration. This book
analyses the living standards of the nearly 80 million children in
the EU, who represent over a fifth of the Union's total population.
The well-being of Europe's children is important now - and the
nature of their progress to adulthood will have a major impact on
the shape of Europe's future. By analysing the trends of child
well-being in Europe over the last two decades, this book asks: Is
the well-being of children in the EU becoming more similar across
member states? Or Are countries diverging while their economies
converge? These issues are addressed with a wealth of data on
different dimensions of the changing welfare of Europe's children -
evidence that has not previously been drawn together in a single
source. The authors consider in turn the material well-being of
children, their health and education, teenage fertility, and young
people's own views of their lives. There is careful treatment of
conceptual and measurement issues and data quality and
comparability, together with reference to a large literature across
the different relevant disciplines. This book aims to raise the
profile of children in the debate on Europe's future, and in doing
so to contribute to the growing discussion of economic and social
cohesion in the EU. The analysis is rigorous but it avoids
disciplinary jargon and will appeal to a pan-European audience. It
is important reading for academics across the social sciences
interested in the well-being of children and youth, NGOs working on
behalf of the young, and local and national government policy
advisers concerned with the issues in a domestic or European
context.
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