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Koichi Shinohara traces the evolution of Esoteric Buddhist rituals
from the simple recitation of spells in the fifth century to
complex systems involving image worship, mandala initiation, and
visualization practices in the ninth century. He presents an
important new reading of a seventh-century Chinese text called the
Collected Dharani Sutras, which shows how earlier rituals for
specific deities were synthesized into a general Esoteric
initiation ceremony and how, for the first time, the notion of an
Esoteric Buddhist pantheon emerged. In the Collected Dharani
Sutras, rituals for specific deities were typically performed
around images of the deities, yet Esoteric Buddhist rituals in
earlier sources involved the recitation of spells rather than the
use of images. The first part of this study explores how such
simpler rituals came to be associated with the images of specific
deities and ultimately gave rise to the general Esoteric initiation
ceremony described in the crucial example of the All-Gathering
mandala ritual in the Collected Dharani Sutras.The visualization
practices so important to later Esoteric Buddhist rituals were
absent from this ceremony, and their introduction would
fundamentally change Esoteric Buddhist practice. This study
examines the translations of dharani sutras made by Bodhiruci in
the early eighth century and later Esoteric texts, such as Yixing's
commentary on the Mahavairocana sutra and Amoghavajra's ritual
manuals, to show how incorporation of image worship greatly
enriched Esoteric rituals and helped develop elaborate
iconographies for the deities. Yet over time, the ritual function
of images became less certain, and the emphasis shifted further
toward visualization. This study clarifies the complex relationship
between images and ritual, changing how we perceive Esoteric
Buddhist art as well as ritual.
This volume brings together thirteen essays by leading scholars of
Chinese and Indian civilisation from Europe, North America and
Asia. The essays cover a wide range of covering a wide range of
topics in Indian and Chinese culture and religion and offer fresh
insights into the study of the Asian traditions,
A Forest of Pearls from the Dharma Garden (Fayuan zhulin, Taisho
2122) is a large anthology of excerpts from Buddhist canonical
sources and historical records, arranged by theme. The collection
offers a comprehensive and distinctive reading of the Buddhist
canon, with a focus on practice. An extraordinarily rich account of
Buddhist practices is offered, though the rationale for the choice
of the one hundred topics around which the discussion is organized
is not always clear. Volume II is the second of nine planned
volumes in the translation of the work, of which the first three
have been translated by Koichi Shinohara. Volume II includes
Fascicles 8-12, Chapter 5.
A Forest of Pearls from the Dharma Garden (Fayuan zhulin, Taisho
2122) is a large anthology of excerpts from Buddhist canonical
sources and historical records, arranged by theme. The collection
offers a comprehensive and distinctive reading of the Buddhist
canon, with a focus on practice. An extraordinarily rich account of
Buddhist practices is offered, though the rationale for the choice
of the one hundred topics around which the discussion is organized
is not always clear. Volume I is the first of nine planned volumes
in the translation of the work, of which the first three have been
translated by Koichi Shinohara. Volume I includes Fascicles 1–7,
Chapters 1–4.
A Forest of Pearls from the Dharma Garden (Fayuan zhulin, Taisho
2122) is a large anthology of excerpts from Buddhist canonical
sources and historical records, arranged by theme. The collection
offers a comprehensive and distinctive reading of the Buddhist
canon, with a focus on practice. An extraordinarily rich account of
Buddhist practices is offered, though the rationale for the choice
of the one hundred topics around which the discussion is organized
is not always clear. Volume III is the third of nine planned
volumes in the translation of the work, of which the first three
have been translated by Koichi Shinohara. Volume III includes
Fascicles 13-20, Chapters 6-9.
The two essays in this volume explore how monks in medieval India
and China wrote about themselves with their fellow monks. The
author translates and discusses biographies and autobiographies of
two Jain monks, who lives in the 11th and 14th century CE. The book
tells us how a community of Chinese Buddhists viewed the life of
the founder of their group, and how his biography reflected the
changes that the community underwent. The essays are the result of
a joint research project on religious biographies in Asia, carried
out with assistance from the Social Sciences and Humanities
Research Council of Canada.
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