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This book presents a collection of chapters, which address various
contexts and challenges of the idea of human enhancement for the
purposes of human space missions. The authors discuss pros and cons
of mostly biological enhancement of human astronauts operating in
hostile space environments, but also ethical and theological
aspects are addressed. In contrast to the idea and program of human
enhancement on Earth, human enhancement in space is considered a
serious and necessary option. This book aims at scholars in the
following fields: ethics and philosophy, space policy, public
policy, as well as biologists and psychologists.
This unique and pioneering book critically appraises current work
from both the cognitive science of religion and the evolutionary
study of religion. It addresses the question: Why does the believer
possess supernatural or religious beliefs in the combined context
of his cognitive biases, their adaptive usefulness measured in
terms of survival and reproduction, and the impact of social
learning and cultural traits? The authors outlines a pluralistic
approach to the study of religion that does not treat religion as
an accidental by-product but an adaptation selected by natural
selection. Chapters discuss the role of religious components for
the evolution of cooperation and altruism, and explore the
development of atheism and secular ideas, in cognitive and
evolutionary terms. Topics such as the usefulness of religion, the
transmission of religious beliefs, and a Darwinian approach to
religion are among those addressed. Contrary to standard views,
religious biases are regarded as shaped by cultural influences and
not merely by natural dispositions. This monograph will
particularly appeal to researchers who are looking for a scientific
explanation of religion and religious beliefs but who do not stop
at the level of narrow cognitive and evolutionary accounts. The
work will also be of interest to students of philosophy, sociology,
religious studies, theology, or anthropology who seek to explain
such fascinating, complex, and unequivocal phenomena as religion
and religious components.
Approaching the settlement of our Moon from a practical
perspective, this book is well suited for space program planners.
It addresses a variety of human factor topics involved in
colonizing Earth's Moon, including: history, philosophy, science,
engineering, agriculture, medicine, politics & policy,
sociology, and anthropology. Each chapter identifies the complex,
interdisciplinary issues of the human factor that arise in the
early phases of settlement on the Moon. Besides practical issues,
there is some emphasis placed on preserving, protecting, and
experiencing the lunar environment across a broad range of
occupations, from scientists to soldiers and engineers to
construction workers. The book identifies utilitarian and visionary
factors that shape human lives on the Moon. It offers
recommendations for program planners in the government and
commercial sectors and serves as a helpful resource for academic
researchers. Together, the coauthors ask and attempt to answer:
"How will lunar society be different?"
Approaching the settlement of our Moon from a practical
perspective, this book is well suited for space program planners.
It addresses a variety of human factor topics involved in
colonizing Earth's Moon, including: history, philosophy, science,
engineering, agriculture, medicine, politics & policy,
sociology, and anthropology. Each chapter identifies the complex,
interdisciplinary issues of the human factor that arise in the
early phases of settlement on the Moon. Besides practical issues,
there is some emphasis placed on preserving, protecting, and
experiencing the lunar environment across a broad range of
occupations, from scientists to soldiers and engineers to
construction workers. The book identifies utilitarian and visionary
factors that shape human lives on the Moon. It offers
recommendations for program planners in the government and
commercial sectors and serves as a helpful resource for academic
researchers. Together, the coauthors ask and attempt to answer:
"How will lunar society be different?"
This unique and pioneering book critically appraises current work
from both the cognitive science of religion and the evolutionary
study of religion. It addresses the question: Why does the believer
possess supernatural or religious beliefs in the combined context
of his cognitive biases, their adaptive usefulness measured in
terms of survival and reproduction, and the impact of social
learning and cultural traits? The authors outlines a pluralistic
approach to the study of religion that does not treat religion as
an accidental by-product but an adaptation selected by natural
selection. Chapters discuss the role of religious components for
the evolution of cooperation and altruism, and explore the
development of atheism and secular ideas, in cognitive and
evolutionary terms. Topics such as the usefulness of religion, the
transmission of religious beliefs, and a Darwinian approach to
religion are among those addressed. Contrary to standard views,
religious biases are regarded as shaped by cultural influences and
not merely by natural dispositions. This monograph will
particularly appeal to researchers who are looking for a scientific
explanation of religion and religious beliefs but who do not stop
at the level of narrow cognitive and evolutionary accounts. The
work will also be of interest to students of philosophy, sociology,
religious studies, theology, or anthropology who seek to explain
such fascinating, complex, and unequivocal phenomena as religion
and religious components.
This book presents a collection of chapters, which address various
contexts and challenges of the idea of human enhancement for the
purposes of human space missions. The authors discuss pros and cons
of mostly biological enhancement of human astronauts operating in
hostile space environments, but also ethical and theological
aspects are addressed. In contrast to the idea and program of human
enhancement on Earth, human enhancement in space is considered a
serious and necessary option. This book aims at scholars in the
following fields: ethics and philosophy, space policy, public
policy, as well as biologists and psychologists.
A manned mission to Mars is faced with challenges and topics that
may not be obvious but of great importance and challenging for such
a mission. This is the first book that collects contributions from
scholars in various fields, from astronomy and medicine, to
theology and philosophy, addressing such topics. The discussion
goes beyond medical and technological challenges of such a
deep-space mission. The focus is on human nature, human emotions
and biases in such a new environment. The primary audience for this
book are all researchers interested in the human factor in a space
mission including philosophers, social scientists, astronomers, and
others. This volume will also be of high interest for a much wider
audience like the non-academic world, or for students.
The first book devoted to the bioethics of the space-mission
environment, The Bioethics of Space Exploration explores the
ethical status of possible biomedical challenges in future
long-term space missions. Konrad Szocik thoroughly examines
arguments favoring and opposing human enhancement, accompanied by
somatic and germline gene editing, methodology of space-mission
bioethics, and moral bioenhancement. In particular, the three main
types of space missions—scientific missions, commercial missions,
and space colonization missions—prompt different bioethical
discussions and levels of human involvement. Szocik also considers
whether the possibility of saving humanity through space
colonization is compatible with ethics of quality of life and the
philosophy of antinatalism. Presented from an issue-driven and
case-driven perspective, The Bioethics of Space Exploration
highlights the utility of different normative systems for
philosophers, ethicists, and social scientists alike. For any
reader interested in the broader humanistic and social approach to
space missions, these insightful discussions provide a new
perspective into the future of space missions and the potential for
radical biomedical technologies.
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