Biotechnology in the Modern Medicinal System: Advances in Gene Therapy, Immunotherapy, and Targeted Drug Delivery presents an informative picture of the state-of-the-art research and development of actionable knowledge in medical biotechnology, specifically involving gene therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted drug delivery systems. The book includes novel approaches for therapy of various ailments and the real-world challenges and complexities of the current drug delivery methodologies and techniques. The volume helps to bridge the gap between academic research and real-time clinical applications and the needs of medical biotechnology methods. This edited book also provides a detailed application of medical biotechnology in drug discovery and the treatment of various deadly diseases. Chapters discuss targeted drug delivery to specific sites to avoid possible entry to non-targeted sites, minimizing adverse effects. The volume provides information about the roles of alternative routes of drug targeting, like intranasal and transdermal, resulting in improving patient compliance. Targeted drug delivery is explored for several health issues, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, malaria, and hemoglobin disorders. Also considered is the role of genes in various genetic diseases and gene therapy, and immunogene therapy as alternative approaches to conventional cancer therapy. Finally, the book investigates the important role of computers in biotechnology to accelerate research and development in the modern medicinal field for better and optimum results. Studies show that significant improvement has been observed in the development of a faster and less invasive diagnostic system for the treatment of diseases by utilizing both artificial intelligence (AI) and biotechnology. This valuable volume provides a wealth of information that will be valuable to scientists and researchers, faculty, and students.

This book comprehensively reviews the association of homocysteine metabolism with the etiology of various human disorders. The well-defined chapters embedded the central and peripheral effects of homocysteine metabolism intricately related with cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders. Further, it discusses the mechanisms of perturbance of cellular proteostasis by elevated homocysteine levels and provides a comprehensive account of pathophysiological consequences and clinical implications of homocysteine-containing proteins. The book also reviews association of genetic variants of homocysteine metabolic genes with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. It also describes the molecular mechanism of hyperhomocysteinemia in the negative/feedback regulation of neural stem cell proliferation and alterations in DNA methylation. Taken together, it summarizes the mechanisms of hyper homocysteinemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and physiological functions of hydrogen sulfide as the protective agent.

This book comprehensively reviews the association of homocysteine metabolism with the etiology of various human disorders. The well-defined chapters embedded the central and peripheral effects of homocysteine metabolism intricately related with cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders. Further, it discusses the mechanisms of perturbance of cellular proteostasis by elevated homocysteine levels and provides a comprehensive account of pathophysiological consequences and clinical implications of homocysteine-containing proteins. The book also reviews association of genetic variants of homocysteine metabolic genes with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. It also describes the molecular mechanism of hyperhomocysteinemia in the negative/feedback regulation of neural stem cell proliferation and alterations in DNA methylation. Taken together, it summarizes the mechanisms of hyper homocysteinemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and physiological functions of hydrogen sulfide as the protective agent.

1.All the 1,2,4-triazole derivatives prepared are pro-drugs since all have -N-C=O or -N-C=S links, which are enzymatically degradable, thus releasing both i.e. 1,2,4-triazole and the ligand at the target site. 2.The conjugate of curcumin with triazole has been found to be a more potent antifungal and antibacterial reagent. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments can be carried out. 3.1,2,4-triazole dervative of isoproturon has been found to be most effective herbicide which could be used as a substitute of isoproturon. Further field trials are required. 4.The observed enhanced activity of all these synthetic compounds may be due to their combined effect at the receptor, producing synergism. 5.However, the validation of this synergistic effect needs further work. 6.The results have opened a new approach for designing novel and more effective pro-drugs.

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