This volume examines the various challenges in access to health issues and the role of intellectual property rights in access to drugs as well as the scope for using traditional medicine in public health. The volume examines the Health Impact Fund, a mechanism proposed to incentivize research and development in neglected diseases and enhance access to drugs. It also analyzes how China and India can cooperate in the traditional medicine sector: providing reviews on the status of traditional medicine in both countries, the challenges of regulating that sector in China and India, intellectual property rights, and industrial policy. This is a unique collection of research essays that makes a significant contribution to the debates about access to medicine and role of traditional medicine in public health. A team of experts from China, India, UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and the Philippines have contributed to the volume and include Fatima Alvarez-Castillo, Rosa Cordillera Castillo, David Coles, Lynn J. Frewer, T. C. James, Jing Liu, Jon Pedersen, Wu Qunhong, K. Satyanarayana, Sun Xiaoyun, Liu Yan, Li Zhe, and Gao Zhiqian.