A computer network, is a collection of computers and devices interconnected by communications channels that facilitate communications and allows sharing of resources and information among interconnected devices. In other words, a computer network is a collection of two or more computers which are linked together for the purposes of sharing information, resources, among other things.As today, all the media in the world are standing on data communication and computer networking, it is always important to understand the basics of networking. In the present book, the different types of network topology, details of baseband and broadband are described. There is a precise overview on data and signal bits. The book also described the modulation and multiplexing in computer networking. Different type of data transmission and details of ethernet and TCP/IP are also described in this book.

Leopard (Panthera pardus) management in India is facing many challenges. Leopards have highly diversified diets and are extremely adaptable to various ecological conditions. This versatility allows them to thrive in a broad range of habitats, often bordering human settlements. In recent years the presence of leopards has been increasing in a wide range of rural and even built-up environments, far removed from natural habitats and protected areas. Although leopards have shown a remarkable ability to live relatively peacefully close to people, conflicts can and do occur, with leopards killing livestock and in extreme cases people. Due to fear and anger, many affected persons retaliate by injuring and killing leopards. Because Indian law prohibits the killing of schedule 1 species, responses have been confined to removing the animal to captivity or translocating it to a new area. A thorough review of strategy is therefore addressed in the present work to address every possible human-leopard conflict situation and develop appropriate protocols for response.