A computer network, is a collection of computers and devices interconnected by communications channels that facilitate communications and allows sharing of resources and information among interconnected devices. In other words, a computer network is a collection of two or more computers which are linked together for the purposes of sharing information, resources, among other things.As today, all the media in the world are standing on data communication and computer networking, it is always important to understand the basics of networking. In the present book, the different types of network topology, details of baseband and broadband are described. There is a precise overview on data and signal bits. The book also described the modulation and multiplexing in computer networking. Different type of data transmission and details of ethernet and TCP/IP are also described in this book.

Community and diversity of waterfowls in Santragachhi Wetland have been studied in four months during the winter period of 2008-2009, which is the season for migratory water birds. The diversity has been studied with respect to cumulative species richness and relative abundance, Shanon-Weiner diversity, bootstrap richness, Chao 1 richness, Coleman rarefaction richness. Attempts were also made to find a correlation with these parameters to the photoperiod of the day. Some of the potential threats of the wetland as well as the inhabitants have also been noted. In this current project the status and distribution of waterfowls in Santragacchi wetland were recorded and their description were described.

Being a primary producers plants have always outnumbered faunal elements. Botanist agree that presently there are about 2,45,000 (A recent literature search reveiled that there are ca. 3,52,000 species (belonging to 406 families) of angiosperms of which 2,73,174 are accepted species names (The Plant List 2010)) species of flowering plants on earth and these have been grouped in to 430 families, depending on the authority concerned. However, a basic knowledge of angiosperms can be acquired by a study of a selected group of families.I decided to study family Acanthaceae. The reason for the selection of this family for project is the availability of several representatives in and around Mumbai. The fascinating task compelled me to take up the project. Acanthaceae includes 250 genera and 2500 species distributed all over the world (According to recent literature at Tthe Plant List 2010, 2894 accepted species names belonging to 225 genera) . Over 70 genera and over 340 species have so far been reported from India. In Maharashtra 54 genera and 202 species have been reported.

Gurjar is a member of a South Asian, ethnic group mainly located in eastern Pakistan, Kashmir, Gujarat, and northwestern India. Gurjars traditionally belonged to the Kshatriya, caste, and formerly ruled the Gurjara-Pratihara, Kingdom, which included much of northern India during the 8th and 9th centuries. However, they are mostly Muslims, a few being either Hindus or Sikhs. Conventionally they have been cattle breeders and milkmen. They were usually associated with herdsmen and shepherds and were a pastoral people. A large number of Gurjars have now settled down and taken farming and combine agricultural work with animal husbandry. In India, Gurjars are categorized as 'other backward classes'. In India, Gurjar populations are found mainly in Gujarat, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, western Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana, northern Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Maharashtra. The present study portrayed the historical aspects and socio-economic development of Gurjar Community in India. the study also described the livelihood of some villages of Rajasthan state in India.

Photography is a part of art in which the artists makes a photograph of a thought or idea. Usually the vision of the idea precedes the realization of the photography. Photography is both an art and a science. Photography allows us to express our feeling and emotions, but to do so we need to be the master of the scientific part of the medium. So there is always a need for the photographer to know all the intricacies and thoughts behind photography. Our book refers to the use of science, such as chemistry and physics, in all aspects of photography. This applies to the camera, its lenses, physical operation of the camera and electronic camera internals in order to take pictures properly. This book also focuses on detailed explanation of photographic factors, like exposure, aperture area, exposure time, luminance and shutter speed. One photographer should know the evolution of photography with time and development. In this book, we explained the vision, thoughts and the scientific use photographic parameters behind a successful and satisfactory photograph.

National Tiger conservation Authority under MOEF, Government of India, in its guideline has emphasized the concept of core - buffer zonation in every Tiger reserve. The 2006 amendment in wildlife (protection) act 1972, for the first time, has defined "core" and "buffer" areas of a tiger reserve, the former being the critical or inviolate area and later, the peripheral area to foster co existence with local people for safeguarding the integrity of the core. Since Buffer Zone is supposed to be a human dominated landscape, its very much important to have a strong management plan for conservation of wildlife and forest in these areas. the present work established a case study for the management and conservation of Buffer Zone of Sariska Tiger Reserve in Western India. The intricacies, management aims and goals, SWOT analysis and future planning of a the Buffer Zone of Sariska TR has been portrayed in the present work.

Leopard (Panthera pardus) management in India is facing many challenges. Leopards have highly diversified diets and are extremely adaptable to various ecological conditions. This versatility allows them to thrive in a broad range of habitats, often bordering human settlements. In recent years the presence of leopards has been increasing in a wide range of rural and even built-up environments, far removed from natural habitats and protected areas. Although leopards have shown a remarkable ability to live relatively peacefully close to people, conflicts can and do occur, with leopards killing livestock and in extreme cases people. Due to fear and anger, many affected persons retaliate by injuring and killing leopards. Because Indian law prohibits the killing of schedule 1 species, responses have been confined to removing the animal to captivity or translocating it to a new area. A thorough review of strategy is therefore addressed in the present work to address every possible human-leopard conflict situation and develop appropriate protocols for response.

In India, sacred groves are scattered all over the country and do not enjoy protection via federal legislation. Some NGOs work with local villagers to protect such groves. Each grove is associated with a presiding deity and the grove are referred to by different names in different parts of India. They were maintained by local communities with hunting and logging strictly prohibited within these patches. While most of these sacred deities are associated with local Hindu gods, sacred groves of Islamic and Buddhist origins are also known. Sacred groves occur in a variety of places - from scrub forests in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. The present study highlights the importance sacred grove in Indian Civilization. A focus was given to Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan to study the effectiveness of sacred grove. It was seen that, the forest outside sacred grove in Sariska is being degraded year after year, but the forest inside sacred grove shows high density. Vegetation cover and disturbance parameters were also studied to see the extent of effectiveness of scared grove for the conservation of Sariska Tiger Reserve.