Due to increasing population, decreased cultivable land, and mounting scarcity of water, it is essential to optimize the use of available resources. Climate change is occurring across the world but its effect may be local or region-specific, including localized watershed management. In order to minimize these effects, governments and environmental agencies encourage the adoption of "climate-smart" agricultural technologies, which involve implementing plans, programs, and projects to sustain and enhance watersheds. Natural ecosystems, in their altered states, have always been relied upon to support the continuity of agricultural production and ecosystem services, such as flood and erosion control, mediation of water quality, stream flow regulation, microclimate regulation, and biodiversity in its various forms. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the adoption of these sustainable water management practices has resulted in savings of water and energy as well as a reduction of carbon emissions, decreased erosion, increased organic matter content and biotic activity in soils, increased crop-water availability and thus resilience to drought, improved recharge of aquifers, and reduced impact of the variability in weather due to climate change. Advances in Water Management Under Climate Change examines all of these issues and provides best practices for sustainability. Features: Presents the latest research in hydrology, hydraulics, water resources engineering, and agricultural best practices Examines water management practices to best address and ideally mitigate climate change Explains the nexus of agriculture, micro irrigation, AI applications in water management and the impact of climate change on water resources Includes practical examples to present practical insights of water management for climate change mitigation

The over-exploitation of groundwater and marked changes in climate over recent decades has led to unacceptable declines in groundwater resources. Under the likely scarcity of available water resources in the near future, it is critical to quantify and manage the available water resources. With increasing demand for potable water for human consumption, agriculture, and industrial uses, the need to evaluate the groundwater development, management, and productivity of aquifers also increases. Laboratory Manual for Groundwater, Wells, and Pumps serves as a valuable resource and provides a multi-disciplinary overview for academics, administrators, scientists, policymakers, and professionals involved in the managing sustainable groundwater development programs. It includes practical guidance on the measurement of groundwater flow, soil properties, aquifer properties, wells and their design, as well as the latest state-of-the-art information on pumps and their testing, and groundwater modeling. Features: Covers geographic information system-based studies, advanced methodologies, and their applications and groundwater modeling Examines groundwater exploration, planning and designing, and methods for formulating strategies for sustainable management and development Serves as a reference for practitioners on practical applications and frequently occurring issues of ground-water investigations, development, and management.

Illustrates applications of plastic in protected cultivation, water management, aquiculture and in high-tech horticulture using innovative technologies to enhance water use efficiency and crop productivity Presents precision farming for climate-resilient technologies Includes real-world examples to present practical insights of plastic engineering for climate change mitigation strategies.

This book presents the latest knowledge on both the physiological and the microbiological aspects of wound healing. Fresh insights into the process of cutaneous wound healing are described, which involves tissue regeneration and repair processes consisting of a sequence of molecular and cellular events. The management of infected wounds is then discussed in detail, covering the roles of traditional medicine practices, novel anti-infective formulations, non-antibiotic approaches, and probiotic bacteria. A section devoted to the interdisciplinary approach to wound care addresses topics including in vitro and in vivo research models, the development of advanced wound dressings, tissue engineering, and the potential applications of bioscaffolds. The authors are all leading researchers in the field. This book is an attempt to showcase current research status and future directions in the area of wound-healing research, which must be of interest to a large group of readers and researchers interested in this field.

This book presents the latest knowledge on both the physiological and the microbiological aspects of wound healing. Fresh insights into the process of cutaneous wound healing are described, which involves tissue regeneration and repair processes consisting of a sequence of molecular and cellular events. The management of infected wounds is then discussed in detail, covering the roles of traditional medicine practices, novel anti-infective formulations, non-antibiotic approaches, and probiotic bacteria. A section devoted to the interdisciplinary approach to wound care addresses topics including in vitro and in vivo research models, the development of advanced wound dressings, tissue engineering, and the potential applications of bioscaffolds. The authors are all leading researchers in the field. This book is an attempt to showcase current research status and future directions in the area of wound-healing research, which must be of interest to a large group of readers and researchers interested in this field.

Functional Nanocomposite Hydrogels: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications reviews how the unique properties of nanoscale composite materials make them ideal candidates for use in biomedical hydrogels. The book covers a range of key nanocomposite materials for use in biomedical hydrogels, including graphene quantum dot, cellulose and collagen nanocomposites. A wide selection of biomedical applications for functional nanocomposite hydrogels is explored, from drug delivery and cancer therapy, to wound healing and bioimaging. This is a key reference for those working in the fields of biomaterials, nanotechnology, pharmacology, biomedical engineering, and anyone with a particular interest in composites and hydrogels. To improve the properties of conventional hydrogels, nanoparticles or nanostructures are incorporated into the hydrogel networks, forming a composite hydrogel with specialized functional properties which are tailored to a specific biomedical application.

The field of discrete event systems has emerged to provide a formal treatment of many of the man-made systems such as manufacturing systems, communication networks, automated traffic systems, database management systems, and computer systems that are event-driven, highly complex, and not amenable to the classical treatments based on differential or difference equations. Discrete event systems is a growing field that utilizes many interesting mathematical models and techniques. In Modeling and Control of Logical Discrete Event Systems, the focus is on a high level treatment of discrete event systems, where the order of events, rather their occurrence times, is the principal concern. Such treatment is needed to guarantee that the system under study meets desired logical goals. In this framework, discrete event systems are modeled by formal languages or, equivalently, by state machines. The field of logical discrete event systems is an interdisciplinary field -- it includes ideas from computer science, control theory, and operations research. Our goal is to bring together in one book the relevant techniques from these fields.Modeling and Control of Logical Discrete Event Systems is the first book of this kind for professionals in the area of discrete event systems. The book is also designed for a graduate level course on logical discrete event systems. It contains all the necessary background material in formal language theory and lattice theory. The only prerequisite is some degree of 'mathematical maturity'. Several examples and exercise problems are included in each chapter to facilitate classroom teaching.

The field of discrete event systems has emerged to provide a formal treatment of many of the man-made systems such as manufacturing systems, communication networks, automated traffic systems, database management systems, and computer systems that are event-driven, highly complex, and not amenable to the classical treatments based on differential or difference equations. Discrete event systems is a growing field that utilizes many interesting mathematical models and techniques. In Modeling and Control of Logical Discrete Event Systems, the focus is on a high level treatment of discrete event systems, where the order of events, rather their occurrence times, is the principal concern. Such treatment is needed to guarantee that the system under study meets desired logical goals. In this framework, discrete event systems are modeled by formal languages or, equivalently, by state machines. The field of logical discrete event systems is an interdisciplinary field -- it includes ideas from computer science, control theory, and operations research. Our goal is to bring together in one book the relevant techniques from these fields. Modeling and Control of Logical Discrete Event Systems is the first book of this kind for professionals in the area of discrete event systems. The book is also designed for a graduate level course on logical discrete event systems. It contains all the necessary background material in formal language theory and lattice theory. The only prerequisite is some degree of mathematical maturity'. Several examples and exercise problems are included in each chapter to facilitate classroom teaching.

This open access volume discloses rich set of findings and policy recommendations for India towards achieving the SDG 2.1 target of zero hunger by 2030. Through its fourteen chapters, it takes an integrated approach by examining diverse aspects of food and nutrition security through multidisciplinary lens of Agricultural Economics, Nutrition, Crop Sciences, Anthropology and Law, while being rooted in economics. The chapters reflect this diversity in disciplines in terms of the questions posed, the data sets used, and the methodologies followed. Starting from the evolution of policy response for hunger and nutrition security, the book covers aspects such gender budgeting, dietary diversity, women’s empowerment, calorie intake norms, socio-legal aspects of right to health, subjective wellbeing, bio-fortification, crop insurance and food security linkages, interdependence of public distribution system (for food security) and employment guarantee schemes especially during COVID-19 pandemic, effects of dairy dietary supplements, and so on.  With its rich discussions, the book is compelling for students, researchers, policy makers, development professionals and practitioners working in areas of food and nutrition security, SDGs, in particular SDG1, SDG2 and SDG5, and sustainable food systems. 

This open access volume discloses rich set of findings and policy recommendations for India towards achieving the SDG 2.1 target of zero hunger by 2030. Through its fourteen chapters, it takes an integrated approach by examining diverse aspects of food and nutrition security through multidisciplinary lens of Agricultural Economics, Nutrition, Crop Sciences, Anthropology and Law, while being rooted in economics. The chapters reflect this diversity in disciplines in terms of the questions posed, the data sets used, and the methodologies followed. Starting from the evolution of policy response for hunger and nutrition security, the book covers aspects such gender budgeting, dietary diversity, women’s empowerment, calorie intake norms, socio-legal aspects of right to health, subjective wellbeing, bio-fortification, crop insurance and food security linkages, interdependence of public distribution system (for food security) and employment guarantee schemes especially during COVID-19 pandemic, effects of dairy dietary supplements, and so on.  With its rich discussions, the book is compelling for students, researchers, policy makers, development professionals and practitioners working in areas of food and nutrition security, SDGs, in particular SDG1, SDG2 and SDG5, and sustainable food systems. 

Conservation agriculture is a sustainable production model that not only optimizes crop yields, but also reaps economic and environmental benefits as well. The adoption of successful conservation agriculture methods has resulted in energy savings, higher organic matter content and biotic activity in soil, increased crop-water availability and thus resilience to drought, improved recharge of aquifers, less erosion, and reduced impacts from the weather associated with climate change in general. This two-volume set, Agricultural Impacts of Climate Change and Applied Agricultural Practices for Mitigating Climate Change, examines several important aspects of crop production, such as climate change, soil management, farm machinery, and different methods for sustainable conservation agriculture. It presents the latest techniques in crop modeling, best practices for irrigation under water deficit conditions, and other approaches for sustainable conservation agriculture that consider the environmental effects of climate change. It also discusses solar energy-based greenhouse modeling, precision farming using remote sensing and GIS, and various types of machinery used for conservation agriculture. Features: Examines the effects of climate change on agriculture and the related strategies for mitigation through practical, real-world examples Explores innovative on-farm technology options to increase system efficiency resulting in improved water usage Presents examples of precision farming using climate-resilient technologies

In the last five years, significant developments and applications have been made within radar communications. Signal Processing for Joint Radar-Communications delves into the recent advances within the theory and applications of joint radar-communications (JRC) and includes the challenges that are still faced today. Bringing together newly written expert contributions from leading researchers within the field of Joint Radar-Communications, the book tackles key JRC signal processing challenges such as common waveform design for both radar and communications systems, receiver processing including interference mitigation methods, learning and cognition, resource allocation, jamming and clutter, optimization methods, and automotive JRC. It presents possible solutions to these challenges and highlights some future research directions. The goal of this book is to further contribute to the diffusion of newly developed JRC tools into the radar and communications communities and to illustrate recent successes in applying modern signal processing theories to solving core problems in JRC. The contributors present new results on algorithmic methods and applications of JRC in diverse areas, which include autonomous vehicles, waveform design, information theory, privacy, security, beamforming, estimation theory, and sampling. This reflects the increasing number of applications in signal processing and communications. Research activities covered in the book include recognizing and solving convex optimization problems that arise in applications, deriving powerful algorithmic methods, utilizing the theory of convex problems to characterize and gain insight into the optimal solution and bounds on performance, developing techniques for exploiting problem structure in interior-point methods for large scale optimization, and convex relaxations of hard, non-convex problems

This book brings together contributions from leading researchers who are engaged in the research and development of next generation cognitive abilities in radar engineering. It features recent advances in the theory and applications of advanced Cognitive Radar (CR) tools as well as examines emerging challenges. The chapters include mathematical and computational methods to combat important CR challenges as well as the applications of recent theories and algorithms to various applied CR aspects. The book is intended to be used as a supplementary text for first-level graduate courses on radar theory and systems, radar signal processing, detection and estimation theory, and array signal processing. The book can also be used as a main textbook for upper-level graduate courses such as advanced topics in electromagnetics, advanced topics in radar, rf and communications, and contemporary topics in signal processing and optimization.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) is an important vegetable crop belongs to family solanaceae. It is well known and very popular vegetable among farmers and grown successfully throughout the world. It is used as vegetable and ripe fruits are also utilized into salad, soups, pickles, sauce, ketchups etc. Yield of tomato crop is primarily governed by the genetic makeup of the variety. Thus, full genetic potential of the variety can be utilized through recommended cultural practices. To develop the variety, existence of significant heritable variability is of prime importance. Some biometric techniques like variability, correlation and path analysis provide information about the relative contribution of various yield related traits. Genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients seek out the association between yield and yield contributing traits in tomato. Thus, these biometric techniques help in selection of superior plant genotypes for breeding programme.

African Marigold (Tagetes erecta L)is an important commercial flower of India, belonging to family Asteraceae. It is also known as friendship flower in the United States and represents vulgar minds. Easy cultivation and wider adaptability of the crop has increased its popularity . Flowers are sold in the market as loose flower or for making garlands, offering in temples, churches, festivals, beautification and landscape. Although marigold is a very important flower, yet very little research work had been done towards the crop improvement. It has a lot of variation with respect to growth and flower characters, which varies with germplasm. Germplasm serves as valuable natural reservoir in providing needed attributes for developing successful varieties. However, the extent of improvement depends upon the amount of variability in different characters present in the crops, which is an indispensable prerequisite for successful breeding programmes. Therefore, selection accordance to high GCV and PCV is more effective for a particular traits. High heritability alongwith high genetic advance in per cent of mean provides a best guiding to formulate effective selection programme.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important food crop in the country after rice, wheat and maize. It is a leading crop in terms of protein and dry matter production per unit area and time. Potato is utilized in preparation of readymade products like fried items (Chips, French fries), dehydrated products (Flakes, granules, starch, gravy thicker, potato custard, powder etc.) and canned products. The per capita availability in India is about 17.7 kg (1/3 of the world average), which emphasizes further, increase in productivity. water is the key input in potato production and its stress drastically reduces the tuber yield even for short period at tuber formation stage. Maintenance of optimum soil moisture in the root zone is necessary to meet the crop requirement for higher yield. Potato growers are still practice the furrow irrigation, though it is less effective in water use efficiency as compared to drip or fertigation system. In this context, mulching is also one of the important cultural operations which are employed to conserve the soil moisture, regulate the soil temperature, suppress the weed growth, possess the fertility and improve the texture of the soil.

Normal wound healing involves a complex and dynamic but superbly orchestrated series of events leading to the repair of injured tissues. Acute wounds normally heal in a very orderly and efficient manner characterized by four distinct, but overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling. Specific biological markers characterize healing of acute wounds. Likewise, unique biologic markers also characterize pathologic responses resulting in fibrosis and chronic non-healing ulcers. As we continue to develop new information about the unique biological markers associated with normal and pathologic wound healing responses, the better prepared we will be to develop new strategies to treat these costly clinical problems. In addition, understanding this basic biological information will allow wound care specialists greater insight into the importance of how their skills can impact the healing response.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer(22% of all new cases) as well as the leading cause of cancer deaths(14% of all cancer deaths)in women worldwide.The incidence of breast cancer is increasing at an alarming rate in India cuttting across urban and rural divide.Country as vast as India poses its own share of peculiar problems with lack of awareness about the disease, advanced stage of disease presentation and lack of proper screening and treatment facilities.We present an Indian prespective of the demographics and problems encountered in treatment of breast cancer.

BRONJ is a rare but serious clinical condition caused by antiosteoclastic, antiangiogenic and anti human endothelial cell proliferation effects of Bisphosphonates which inhibit bone turnover. They are commonly developed in those patients who receiving either long term nitrogen containing IV BPs therapy alone or associated with invasive dental procedure. Therefore proper dental evaluations and receive necessary treatment prior to initiating IV BPs therapy is mandatory to limit this while manipulation of IV BPs dosing may be effective in reducing skeletal related events (SREs) and minimizing BPs associated ONJ. CBCT, serum VEGF levels and morning fasting CTX level are the useful assessment tool to predict risk and to make appropriate line of treatment. In cases of established disease management strategies is mostly palliative and empirical.

This research work is mainly focused on suspending the steel ball without any mechanical support in desired position and how the Magnetic Levitation System works in presence of disturbance with help of an efficient controller.The tracking performance and robustness is also checked for this system. For tracking, two type of reference trajectory are modelled. One is sine wave and other is a set of constant point varying at different levels. Lastly for robust performance, disturbance is applied in MLS.For this task we have designed Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller (IT2FLC), Interval Type-2 Single Input Fuzzy Logic Controller (IT2SIFLC), Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller (IT2FSMC) based on theory of type-2 fuzzy logic systems. Uncertainty is an inherent part of intelligent systems used in real world applications. Conventional controllers can not fully handle the uncertainties present in real-time systems. Type-2 fuzzy sets that are used in type-2 fuzzy systems can handle such uncertainties in a better way because they provide us an extra degree of freedom. At last The designed controller's performance is compared with the feedback linearization control.