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This book makes an important contribution to the expanding body of
work in generative phonology which aims to reduce the number of
traditionally recognized melodic categories in order to achieve a
greater degree of restrictiveness. By analyzing data from a large
number of different languages, Nasukawa establishes a clear
affinity between nasality and voicing, and demonstrates the
advantages of treating these two properties as different phonetic
manifestations of a single nasal-voice category. The choice of
whether to interpret this category as voicing or nasality is
determined by the active or inactive status of a complement tier;
when active, this complement tier enhances the acoustic image of
its head category and is interpreted as voicing. This study deepens
our understanding of the typological relation between nasality and
voicing, and sheds new light on a number of related agreement
phenomena such as nasal harmony, postnasal voicing assimilation,
voiced-obstruent voicing assimilation and spontaneous
prenasalisation.
This collection of papers focuses on the general theme of
phonological strength, bringing together current work being
undertaken in a variety of leading theoretical frameworks. Its aim
is to show how referring directly to strength relations can
facilitate explanation in different parts of the phonological
grammar. The papers introduce illuminating data from a wide range
of languages including English, Dutch, German, Greek, Japanese,
Bambara, Yuhup, Nivkh, Sesotho and other Bantu systems,
demonstrating how strength differences are central to the analysis
of phonological patterning not only in well-documented cases of
segmental asymmetry but also in other areas of description
including language acquisition, pitch accent patterns and tonal
phenomena. All of the contributors agree on the need for a
phonological (as opposed to a phonetic) approach to the question of
strength differences, and show how a strength-based analysis may
proceed in various theoretical models including Dependency
Phonology, Government Phonology, Strict CV Phonology and Optimality
Theory. Many of the papers develop a structural account of their
data, in which strength relations are understood to reflect
asymmetric licensing relations holding between units in
representations. The volume provides a snapshot of current thinking
on the question of strength in phonology. The range of language
data and theoretical contexts it explores give a clear indication
that phonological strength acts as a common thread to unite a range
of apparently unrelated patterns and processes.
Few concepts are as ubiquitous in the physical world of humans as
that of identity. Laws of nature crucially involve relations of
identity and non-identity, the act of identifying is central to
most cognitive processes, and the structure of human language is
determined in many different ways by considerations of identity and
its opposite. The purpose of this book is to bring together
research from a broad scale of domains of grammar that have a
bearing on the role that identity plays in the structure of
grammatical representations and principles. Beyond a great many
analytical puzzles, the creation and avoidance of identity in
grammar raise a lot of fundamental and hard questions. These
include: Why is identity sometimes tolerated or even necessary,
while in other contexts it must be avoided? What are the properties
of complex elements that contribute to configurations of identity
(XX)? What structural notions of closeness or distance determine
whether an offending XX-relation exists or, inversely, whether two
more or less distant elements satisfy some requirement of identity?
Is it possible to generalize over the specific principles that
govern (non-)identity in the various components of grammar, or are
such comparisons merely metaphorical? Indeed, can we define the
notion of identity in a formal way that will allow us to decide
which of the manifold phenomena that we can think of are genuine
instances of some identity (avoidance) effect? If identity
avoidance is a manifestation in grammar of some much more
encompassing principle, some law of nature, then how is it possible
that what does and what does not count as identical in the grammars
of different languages seems to be subject to considerable
variation?
Generative phonology aims to formalise two distinct aspects of
phonological processes: the functional and the representational.
Since functions operate on representations, it is clear that the
functional aspect is influenced by the form of representations,
i.e. different types of representation require different types of
rules, principles or constraints. This volume examines the
representational issue in phonology and considers what kind of
representation is most appropriate for recent models of generative
phonology. In particular, it provides the first platform for debate
on the place of morpheme-internal structure and on the formal
status of phonology in the language faculty, and attempts to
identify phonological recursive structure as a means of capturing
frequently observed processes.
This is the essential one-volume resource for advanced students and
academics in phonology. "The Continuum Companion to Phonology"
offers the definitive guide to a key area of linguistic study. It
covers all the most important issues, concepts, movements and
approaches in the field. Each companion offers a comprehensive
reference resource giving an overview of key topics, research
areas, new directions and a manageable guide to beginning or
developing research in the field. It offers a survey of current
research and also gives more practical guidance on advanced study
and research in the area. The book includes coverage of key terms,
and sections on laboratory and field phonology as well as
phonological interfaces with other fields. It moves from coverage
of the smallest units such as features and moras to larger units
such as phrases and utterances. It is a complete resource for
postgraduate students and researchers working in phonology. "The
Continuum Companions Series" is a major series of single volume
companions to key research fields in the humanities aimed at
postgraduate students, scholars and libraries. Each companion
offers a comprehensive reference resource giving an overview of key
topics, research areas, new directions and a manageable guide to
beginning or developing research in the field. A distinctive
feature of the series is that each companion provides practical
guidance on advanced study and research in the field, including
research methods and subject-specific resources.
Originally published as the Continuum Companion to Phonology, this
book offers the definitive guide to a key area of linguistic study.
It covers all the most important issues, concepts, movements and
approaches in the field. Each companion offers a comprehensive
reference resource giving an overview of key topics, research
areas, new directions and a manageable guide to beginning or
developing research in the field. It offers a survey of current
research and also gives more practical guidance on advanced study
and research in the area. The book includes coverage of key
research areas in phonology, including the interaction of phonology
with other areas of linguistics while also providing some guidance
on how phonological research can be conducted in the field and in
the laboratory. It moves from coverage of the smallest units such
as features and syllables to larger units incorporating phrasal and
prosodic structure. It is a complete resource for postgraduate
students and researchers working in phonology.
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