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The internal heat of the planet Earth represents an inexhaustible
reservoir of thermal energy known as Geothermal Energy. The 2nd
edition of the book covers the geologic and technical aspects of
developing all forms of currently available systems using this
"renewable" green energy. The book presents the distribution and
transport of thermal energy in the Earth. Geothermal Energy is a
base load energy available at all times independent of climate and
weather. The text treats the efficiency of diverse shallow near
surface installations and deep geothermal systems including
hydrothermal and petrothermal techniques and power plants in
volcanic high-enthalpy fields. The book also discusses
environmental aspects of utilizing different forms of geothermal
energy, including induced seismicity, noise pollution and gas
release to the atmosphere. Chapters on hydraulic well tests,
chemistry of deep hot water, scale formation and corrosion,
development of geothermal probes, well drilling techniques and
geophysical exploration complete the text. This book, for the first
time, covers the full range of utilization of Geothermal Energy.
The internal heat of the planet Earth represents an inexhaustible
reservoir of thermal energy known as Geothermal Energy. The 2nd
edition of the book covers the geologic and technical aspects of
developing all forms of currently available systems using this
"renewable" green energy. The book presents the distribution and
transport of thermal energy in the Earth. Geothermal Energy is a
base load energy available at all times independent of climate and
weather. The text treats the efficiency of diverse shallow near
surface installations and deep geothermal systems including
hydrothermal and petrothermal techniques and power plants in
volcanic high-enthalpy fields. The book also discusses
environmental aspects of utilizing different forms of geothermal
energy, including induced seismicity, noise pollution and gas
release to the atmosphere. Chapters on hydraulic well tests,
chemistry of deep hot water, scale formation and corrosion,
development of geothermal probes, well drilling techniques and
geophysical exploration complete the text. This book, for the first
time, covers the full range of utilization of Geothermal Energy.
The internal heat of the planet Earth represents an inexhaustible
reservoir of thermal energy. This form of energy, known as
geothermal energy has been utilized throughout human history in the
form of hot water from hot springs. Modern utilization of
geothermal energy includes direct use of the heat and its
conversion to other forms of energy, mainly electricity. Geothermal
energy is a form of renewable energy and its use is associated with
very little or no CO2-emissions and its importance as an energy
source has greatly increased as the effects of climate change
become more prominent. Because of its inexhaustibility it is
obvious that utilization of geothermal energy will become a
cornerstone of future energy supplies. The exploration of
geothermal resources has become an important topic of study as
geology and earth science students prepare to meet the demands of a
rapidly growing industry, which involves an increasing number
professionals and public institutions participating in geothermal
energy related projects. This book meets the demands of both groups
of readers, students and professionals. Geothermal Energy and its
utilization is systematically presented and contains the necessary
technical information needed for developing and understanding
geothermal energy projects. It presents basic knowledge on the
Earth’s thermal regime and its geothermal energy resources, the
types of geothermal energy used as well as its future potential and
the perspectives of the industry. Specific chapters of the book
deal with borehole heat exchangers and with the direct use of
groundwater and thermal water in hydrogeothermal systems. A central
topic are Enhanced Geothermal Systems (hot-dry-rock systems), a key
technology for energy supply in the near future. Pre-drilling site
investigations, drilling technology, well logging and hydraulic
test programs are important subjects related to the exploration
phase of developing Geothermal Energy sites. The chemical
composition of the natural waters used as a heat transport medium
in geothermal systems can be used as an exploration tool, but
chemistry is also important during operation of a geothermal power
plant because of potential scale formation and corrosion of pipes
and installations, which needs to be prevented. Graduate students
and professionals will find in depth information on Geothermal
Energy, its exploration and utilization.
The chemical interaction of water and rock is one of the most
fascinating an d multifaceted process in geology. The composition
of surface water and groundwater is largely controlled by the
reaction of water with rocks and minerals. At elevated temperature,
hydrothermal features, hydrothermal 0 re deposits and geothermal
fields are associated with chemical effects of water-rock
interaction. Surface outcrops of rocks from deeper levels in the
crust, including exposures of lower crustal and mantle rocks, often
display structures that formed by interaction of the rocks with a
supercritical aqueous fluid at very high pT conditions.
Understanding water-rock interaction is also of great importance to
applied geology and geochemistry, particularly in areas such as
geothermal energy, nuclear waste repositories and applied
hydrogeology. The extremely wide-ranging research efforts on the
universal water-rock interaction process is reflected in the wide
diversity of themes presented at the regular International Symposia
on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI). Because of the large and
widespread interest in water-rock interaction, the European Union
of Geosciences organized a special symposium on "water-rock
interaction" at EUGI0, the biannual meeting in Strasbourg 1999
convened by the editors of this volume. In contrast to the regular
WRI symposia addressed to the specialists, the EUG 10 "water-rock
interaction" symposium brought the subject to a general platform
This very successful symposium showed the way to the future of
water-rock reaction research.
Hydrogeology of Crystalline Rocks deals with deep groundwater in
the granite and gneiss basement of the continents. It has become
evident during the past years that highly mineralized water is
present in an interconnected fracture network of the basement.
Thus, the upper part of the crust of the continents can be viewed
as an aquifer and investigated with tools common in hydrogeology.
This book presents accounts on water-conducting features of
crystalline rocks and summarizes the hydraulic properties of the
basement. The volume includes reviews, new data and research on the
often remarkable chemical composition of deep groundwater.
Microbial processes in the deep basement aquifer are probably more
important than previously thought. Two contributions focus on this
recent extension of research of the biosphere to greater depth in
the Earth. This book represents the first multidisciplinary and
integrated account of deep groundwater hydrology in crystalline
basement. It is of interest to hydrologists and hydrogeologists
working with water in crystalline rocks, but also to solid earth
geophysicists, geochemists and petrologists with an interest in
fluids in the crust. Scientists involved in nuclear waste disposal
programs and geothermal energy development will find a wealth of
stimulating ideas in this volume.
Hydrogeology of Crystalline Rocks deals with deep groundwater in
the granite and gneiss basement of the continents. It has become
evident during the past years that highly mineralized water is
present in an interconnected fracture network of the basement.
Thus, the upper part of the crust of the continents can be viewed
as an aquifer and investigated with tools common in hydrogeology.
This book presents accounts on water-conducting features of
crystalline rocks and summarizes the hydraulic properties of the
basement. The volume includes reviews, new data and research on the
often remarkable chemical composition of deep groundwater.
Microbial processes in the deep basement aquifer are probably more
important than previously thought. Two contributions focus on this
recent extension of research of the biosphere to greater depth in
the Earth. This book represents the first multidisciplinary and
integrated account of deep groundwater hydrology in crystalline
basement. It is of interest to hydrologists and hydrogeologists
working with water in crystalline rocks, but also to solid earth
geophysicists, geochemists and petrologists with an interest in
fluids in the crust. Scientists involved in nuclear waste disposal
programs and geothermal energy development will find a wealth of
stimulating ideas in this volume.
Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks presents a large number of
diagrams showing the stability relations among minerals and groups
of minerals found in metamorphic rocks. The diagrams help to
determine the pressure and temperature conditions under which a
given set of metamorphic rocks may have formed. Other parameters
that control metamorphic mineral assemblages are also discussed and
pitfalls resulting from simplifications and generalizations are
highlighted. The book discusses the most common metamorphic rock
types, their nomenclature, structure and graphical representation
of their mineral assemblages. Part I defines basic principles of
metamorphism, introduces metamorphic processes, geologic
thermometry and barometry and defines metamorphic grade. Part II
presents in a systematic way mineralogical changes and assemblages
found in the most common types of metamorphic rocks. The
computation of diagrams is based on recent advances in quantitative
petrology and geochemistry. An extensive bibliography, including
the key contributions and classic papers in the field, make it an
invaluable source book for graduate students and professional
geologists.
This new edition of the classic textbook presents a large number of
diagrams showing the stability relations among minerals and groups
of minerals found in metamorphic rocks. The diagrams help to
determine the pressure and temperature conditions under which a
given set of metamorphic rocks may have formed. Other parameters
that control metamorphic mineral assemblages are also discussed and
pitfalls resulting from simplifications and generalizations are
highlighted. The book discusses the most common metamorphic rock
types, their nomenclature, structure and graphical representation
of their mineral assemblages. Part I defines basic principles of
metamorphism, introduces metamorphic processes, geologic
thermometry and barometry and defines metamorphic grade. Part II
presents in a systematic way mineralogical changes and assemblages
found in the most common types of metamorphic rocks. The
computation of diagrams is based on recent advances in quantitative
petrology and geochemistry. An extensive bibliography, including
the key contributions and classic papers in the field, make it an
invaluable source book for graduate students and professional
geologists.
Water-Rock Interaction presents new research on the chemical
interaction of aqueous fluids with the rock matrix containing them.
The contributions come from a wide variety of geologic settings and
include groundwater-aquifer reactions, hydrothermal fluids in
volcanic and ore deposit environments and water-rock interaction in
geothermal areas. The focus is on upper crustal and near surface
environments. The presented research comprises field studies as
well as experimental work. The book adds new data and understanding
to the multifaceted general process of chemical interaction of
water and rock.
Audience: The book will appeal to hydrologists and hydrogeologists
interested in chemical aspects of water, but solid earth
geophysicists, geochemists and petrologists with an interest in
fluids in the crust will also find new stimulating ideas in this
volume.
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